Electric Control of Exchange Bias at Room Temperature by Resistive Switching via Electrochemical Metallization

Electric field control of exchange bias (EB) plays an important role in spintronics due to its attractive merit of lower energy consumption. Here, we propose a novel method for electrically tunable EB at room temperature in a device with the stack of Si/SiO₂/Ta/Pt/Ag/Mn-doped ZnO (MZO)/Pt/FeMn/Co/ITO by resistive switching (RS) via electrochemical metallization (ECM). The device shows enhanced and weakened EB when set at high-resistance state (HRS) and low-resistance state (LRS), respectively. For the device at LRS, the aberration-corrected scanning transmission electron microscopy (STEM) characterizations unambiguously reveal that the Ag filaments grow initially from the Ag anode and then elongate toward the ITO cathode. It is inferred that at LRS, a small portion of Ag filaments have passed through the MZO and the intervening thin Pt layer and extended into the FeMn layer. After applying reverse voltage, these Ag filaments are electrochemically dissolved and ruptured near the MZO/Pt interface. This is considered to be the main mechanism responsible for RS and switchable EB as well. This work presents a new strategy for designing low-power, nonvolatile magnetoelectric random access memory devices.