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Updated: Sep 20, 2025

Author Spotlight: Advancements in Multiplex Detection of Respiratory Viruses
Published on: November 10, 2023
COVID-19 Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome: One Pathogen, Multiple Phenotypes
Susannah Empson1, Angela J Rogers2, Jennifer G Wilson3
1Department of Anesthesiology, Perioperative, and Pain Medicine, 300 Pasteur Drive, H3580, Stanford, CA 94305, USA.
Abstract:
Acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) is a heterogeneous syndrome arising from multiple causes with a range of clinical severity. In recent years, the potential for prognostic and predictive enrichment of clinical trials has been increased with identification of more biologically homogeneous subgroups or phenotypes within ARDS. COVID-19 ARDS also exhibits significant clinical heterogeneity despite a single causative agent. In this review the authors summarize the existing literature on COVID-19 ARDS phenotypes, including physiologic, clinical, and biological subgroups as well as the implications for improving both prognostication and precision therapy.
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