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Severe COVID-19 and Multisystem Inflammatory Syndrome in Children in Children and Adolescents

Allison M Blatz1, Adrienne G Randolph2

  • 1Department of Pediatrics, Division of Infectious Diseases, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, 3401 Civic Center Boulevard, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA.

Critical Care Clinics
|June 6, 2022
PubMed

Insights

Severe COVID-19 complications like acute respiratory failure and multisystem inflammatory syndrome in children (MIS-C) are rare in pediatric patients. These critical conditions often necessitate intensive care unit (ICU) support and specific treatments like immunomodulation for MIS-C.

Area of Science:

  • Pediatric critical care medicine
  • Infectious diseases
  • Immunology

Background:

  • Severe complications from COVID-19 are infrequent in pediatric populations.
  • Key severe outcomes include acute respiratory failure and multisystem inflammatory syndrome in children (MIS-C).
  • MIS-C is a post-SARS-CoV-2 infection syndrome, typically emerging 3-6 weeks after mild or asymptomatic infection.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To summarize the nature of severe COVID-19 complications in children and adolescents.
  • To highlight the critical care needs and therapeutic strategies for these conditions.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review and synthesis of clinical observations regarding pediatric COVID-19 complications.
  • Analysis of treatment approaches for acute respiratory failure and MIS-C.

Main Results:

  • Acute respiratory failure and MIS-C are the primary life-threatening complications in pediatric COVID-19.
  • Both conditions frequently require intensive care unit (ICU) admission.
  • Immunomodulatory therapy is a key treatment for critical MIS-C to manage hyperinflammation and sequelae.

Conclusions:

  • While rare, severe COVID-19 complications in children demand prompt recognition and intensive care.
  • Management strategies focus on supportive care for respiratory failure and immunomodulation for MIS-C to mitigate severe outcomes.

Keywords:
COVID-19MIS-CMultisystem inflammatory syndromePediatrics

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