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Updated: Sep 20, 2025

Assessment and Communication for People with Disorders of Consciousness
Published on: August 1, 2017
Barriers and Facilitators to Healthcare Access in Adults with Intellectual and Developmental Disorders and
Kathryn Shady1, Shannon Phillips1, Susan Newman1
1Medical University of South Carolina, 99 Jonathan Lucas St, Charleston, SC 29425 USA.
Abstract:
This integrative review explores the barriers to and facilitators of healthcare access in adults with intellectual and developmental disorders (IDD) and communication difficulties (CD) using Levesque et al.'s conceptual framework of access to health. IDDs are a group of disorders that occur early in childhood and often involve language dysfunction. CDs are prevalent in adults with IDD. Several themes emerged as barriers to access for adults with IDDs and CDs including health literacy, understanding health information, and screening; fear and negative patient expectations; impaired autonomy; time; accommodation needs; insurance coverage and financial hardship; communication; coordination and continuity of care; and supporter presence and inclusion. Communication between providers, patients, and supporters is a significant barrier for adults with IDD and CD.
Supplementary Information:
The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s40489-022-00324-8.
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