Volume-Based Versus Mortality-Based Standards for Surgical Quality: Both Risk Adjustment and Volume Matter

Anirudh Saraswathula¹, J Matthew Austin¹, Carole Fakhry¹+3

• ¹Anirudh Saraswathula, MD, MS, Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD; J. Matthew Austin, PhD, MS, Armstrong Institute for Patient Safety and Quality, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD; Carole Fakhry, MD, MPH, and David W. Eisele, MD, Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD; Allen Kachalia, MD, JD, Armstrong Institute for Patient Safety and Quality, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, Division of General Internal Medicine, Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD; and Christine G. Gourin, MD, MPH, Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, Armstrong Institute for Patient Safety and Quality, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD.