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Published on: July 11, 2025
Low level of anthropization linked to harsh vertebrate biodiversity declines in Amazonia
Isabel Cantera1,2, Opale Coutant3, Céline Jézéquel1
1Laboratoire Evolution et Diversité Biologique (UMR 5174), CNRS, IRD, Université Paul Sabatier, 118 route de Narbonne, 31062, Toulouse, France.
Abstract:
Assessing the impact of human activity on ecosystems often links local biodiversity to disturbances measured within the same locality. However, remote disturbances may also affect local biodiversity. Here, we used environmental DNA metabarcoding to evaluate the relationships between vertebrate biodiversity (fish and mammals) and disturbance intensity in two Amazonian rivers. Measurements of anthropic disturbance -here forest cover losses- were made from the immediate vicinity of the biodiversity sampling sites to up to 90 km upstream. The findings suggest that anthropization had a spatially extended impact on biodiversity. Forest cover losses of <11% in areas up to 30 km upstream from the biodiversity sampling sites were linked to reductions of >22% in taxonomic and functional richness of both terrestrial and aquatic fauna. This underscores the vulnerability of Amazonian biodiversity even to low anthropization levels. The similar responses of aquatic and terrestrial fauna to remote disturbances indicate the need for cross-ecosystem conservation plans that consider the spatially extended effects of anthropization.
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