Healing intervention for improving the efficiency and stability of tandem devices on industrial textured silicon

Monolithic perovskite/silicon tandem solar cells are widely regarded as the next-generation, low-cost, high-efficiency photovoltaic technology. However, achieving high-quality wide-bandgap perovskite top cells on industrial textured silicon, particularly using hybrid two-step deposition methods that combine sequential co-evaporation and solution processing, remains a major challenge. In this work, we introduce a healing intervention strategy that significantly tailors perovskite film growth and enhances the film quality on textured silicon substrates. By applying an MASCN solution to heal the as-prepared films, which induces secondary crystal growth to enhance overall perovskite crystallization, we obtain a conformal perovskite layer characterized by columnar grains that extend through the full film thickness. The resulting 1.68 eV wide-bandgap perovskite solar cells achieve a champion efficiency of 21.1%, contributing to a certified stabilized tandem efficiency of 30.77% and an impressive Voc of 1.915 V over an active area of 1.164 cm². Notably, an encapsulated device retains its initial performance after 3400 hours of continuous maximum power point tracking under one-sun illumination in ambient conditions, representing the excellent stability in perovskite/silicon tandem cells reported to date.