Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Vision01:24

Vision

55.4K
Vision is the result of light being detected and transduced into neural signals by the retina of the eye. This information is then further analyzed and interpreted by the brain. First, light enters the front of the eye and is focused by the cornea and lens onto the retina—a thin sheet of neural tissue lining the back of the eye. Because of refraction through the convex lens of the eye, images are projected onto the retina upside-down and reversed.
55.4K
Visual System01:26

Visual System

708
Light enters the eye through the cornea, a transparent, dome-shaped surface covering the surface of the eyeball that helps to direct and focus incoming light. This light is then channeled toward the pupil, an adjustable opening whose size is controlled by the iris. The iris, a pigmented muscle, regulates the amount of light entering the eye by contracting or dilating the pupil, thereby ensuring optimal light levels for clear vision.
Once through the pupil, the light passes through the lens, a...
708
Anatomy of the Eyeball01:20

Anatomy of the Eyeball

7.6K
The eye is a spherical, hollow structure composed of three tissue layers. The outer layer — the fibrous tunic, comprises the sclera — a white structure — and the cornea, which is transparent. The sclera encompasses some of the ocular surface, most of which is not visible. However, the 'white of the eye' is distinctively visible in humans compared to other species. The cornea, a clear covering at the front of the eye, enables light penetration. The eye's middle...
7.6K
Depth Perception and Spatial Vision01:15

Depth Perception and Spatial Vision

984
Depth perception is the ability to perceive objects three-dimensionally. It relies on two types of cues: binocular and monocular. Binocular cues depend on the combination of images from both eyes and how the eyes work together. Since the eyes are in slightly different positions, each eye captures a slightly different image. This disparity between images, known as binocular disparity, helps the brain interpret depth. When the brain compares these images, it determines the distance to an object.
984
Motor and Sensory Areas of the Cortex01:14

Motor and Sensory Areas of the Cortex

4.8K
The cerebral cortex, the brain's outermost layer, is pivotal in processing complex cognitive tasks, emotions, and various sensory inputs and executing voluntary motor activities. This intricate structure is divided into three primary functional areas: the motor areas, sensory areas, and association areas.
Motor Areas
The motor areas located in the frontal lobe are central to controlling voluntary movements. This region is further subdivided into the primary motor cortex and the premotor cortex....
4.8K
Parallel Processing01:20

Parallel Processing

254
The brain processes sensory information rapidly due to parallel processing, which involves sending data across multiple neural pathways at the same time. This method allows the brain to manage various sensory qualities, such as shapes, colors, movements, and locations, all concurrently. For instance, when observing a forest landscape, the brain simultaneously processes the movement of leaves, the shapes of trees, the depth between them, and the various shades of green. This enables a quick and...
254

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Application of artificial intelligence on magnetocardiology.

Clinical hemorheology and microcirculation·2026
Same author

GRASPion: An open-source, programmable brainbot for active matter research.

The Review of scientific instruments·2026
Same author

Multimodality assessment of aortic valve area in aortic stenosis: a multicenter validation study.

The international journal of cardiovascular imaging·2025
Same author

Measurement of Reactor Antineutrino Oscillation at SNO.

Physical review letters·2025
Same author

Dermal wipe sampling method development and validation for semivolatile and nonvolatile flame-retardant compounds TBBPA and TPP for use in occupational exposure assessments.

Journal of occupational and environmental hygiene·2025
Same author

The laminar organization of cell types in macaque cortex and its relationship to neuronal oscillations.

bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology·2024
Same journal

Planning, Coordination, and Communication: The Posterior Parietal Cortex in Eye-Hand Control.

Annual review of vision science·2026
Same journal

Multiphoton Excitation in Retinal Imaging and Functional Measurements.

Annual review of vision science·2026
Same journal

Visual Perception of Intuitive Physics and Its Computational Foundations.

Annual review of vision science·2026
Same journal

Diversity and Feature Selectivity of Primate Retinal Ganglion Cells.

Annual review of vision science·2026
Same journal

Predictive Foveal Processing in Active Vision.

Annual review of vision science·2026
Same journal

The Legacy of Perley G. Nutting Jr.: The Past and the Present of Chromatic Discrimination.

Annual review of vision science·2026
See all related articles

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Sep 20, 2025

Monocular Visual Deprivation and Ocular Dominance Plasticity Measurement in the Mouse Primary Visual Cortex
08:42

Monocular Visual Deprivation and Ocular Dominance Plasticity Measurement in the Mouse Primary Visual Cortex

Published on: February 8, 2020

10.2K

Binocular Integration in the Primate Primary Visual Cortex.

A Maier1, M A Cox2, J A Westerberg1

  • 1Department of Psychological Sciences, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee, USA;

Annual Review of Vision Science
|June 8, 2022
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

New research challenges the classic model of binocular vision, revealing earlier interactions between the two eyes' signals than previously thought. This finding impacts our understanding of visual processing and brain function.

Keywords:
LGNV1binocular combinationbinocular fusionbinocular vision

More Related Videos

Investigating Object Representations in the Macaque Dorsal Visual Stream Using Single-unit Recordings
07:08

Investigating Object Representations in the Macaque Dorsal Visual Stream Using Single-unit Recordings

Published on: August 1, 2018

8.4K
Assessing Binocular Central Visual Field and Binocular Eye Movements in a Dichoptic Viewing Condition
07:45

Assessing Binocular Central Visual Field and Binocular Eye Movements in a Dichoptic Viewing Condition

Published on: July 21, 2020

4.6K

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Sep 20, 2025

Monocular Visual Deprivation and Ocular Dominance Plasticity Measurement in the Mouse Primary Visual Cortex
08:42

Monocular Visual Deprivation and Ocular Dominance Plasticity Measurement in the Mouse Primary Visual Cortex

Published on: February 8, 2020

10.2K
Investigating Object Representations in the Macaque Dorsal Visual Stream Using Single-unit Recordings
07:08

Investigating Object Representations in the Macaque Dorsal Visual Stream Using Single-unit Recordings

Published on: August 1, 2018

8.4K
Assessing Binocular Central Visual Field and Binocular Eye Movements in a Dichoptic Viewing Condition
07:45

Assessing Binocular Central Visual Field and Binocular Eye Movements in a Dichoptic Viewing Condition

Published on: July 21, 2020

4.6K

Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Vision Science
  • Cognitive Psychology

Background:

  • The brain integrates visual information from two eyes to create a unified perception.
  • Traditionally, it was believed that signals from each eye remain separate until reaching the primary visual cortex.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review and interpret new experimental data on binocular vision.
  • To challenge the existing model of visual information processing.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of anatomical and functional studies.
  • Analysis of experimental data on early visual processing.
  • Integration of findings with psychophysical models of binocular vision.

Main Results:

  • Experimental data suggest significant interactions between the two eyes' visual streams occur earlier than previously understood.
  • The classic model of segregated visual pathways until the primary visual cortex is challenged.

Conclusions:

  • Early interactions between monocular signals are crucial for binocular vision.
  • Rethinking the initial stages of visual processing is necessary based on new evidence.