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A diffusion model for the congruency sequence effect.

Chunming Luo1, Robert W Proctor2

  • 1CAS Key Laboratory of Behavioral Science, Institute of Psychology, 16 Lincui Road, Chaoyang District, Beijing, 100101, China. luocm@psych.ac.cn.

Psychonomic Bulletin & Review
|June 8, 2022
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

The congruency sequence effect (CSE) impacts cognitive tasks, influencing performance based on prior trial congruency. This study extends the diffusion model for conflict tasks (DMC) to explain these effects, revealing distinct reaction time patterns across tasks.

Keywords:
Congruency sequence effectDiffusion model for conflict tasksSimon effectflanker effect

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Area of Science:

  • Cognitive psychology
  • Computational neuroscience

Background:

  • Congruency effects are observed in conflict tasks like Simon, flanker, and Stroop.
  • The diffusion model for conflict tasks (DMC) quantifies decision mechanisms but hasn't addressed the congruency sequence effect (CSE).
  • The CSE describes how the congruency of a previous trial affects performance on the current trial.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To analyze reaction time (RT) distributions in the CSE using delta plots.
  • To extend the DMC to simulate and explain the CSE.
  • To investigate the differing mechanisms underlying CSEs in various conflict tasks.

Main Methods:

  • Analysis of reaction time (RT) distributions via delta plots for CSE.
  • Extension of the diffusion model for conflict tasks (DMC) to the congruency sequence effect (CSE-DMC).
  • Modeling CSEs with two key assumptions: feature integration affecting controlled processes and weakened automatic processes after incongruent trials.

Main Results:

  • Spatial Simon effect showed task-dependent changes following congruent and incongruent trials.
  • Arrow-based Simon effects increased differently after congruent versus incongruent trials.
  • Flanker congruency effects exhibited distinct patterns (quadratic vs. linear) depending on prior trial congruency.

Conclusions:

  • The extended diffusion model (CSE-DMC) successfully simulated CSEs, outperforming simpler variants.
  • CSEs across different conflict tasks exhibit unique reaction time distribution patterns.
  • Disparate RT distributions in CSEs are attributed to differential influences on controlled and automatic cognitive processes.