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Observation of a continuous time crystal.

Phatthamon Kongkhambut1, Jim Skulte1,2, Ludwig Mathey1,2

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Researchers have realized a continuous time crystal, a novel phase of matter exhibiting spontaneous oscillations. This dynamical many-body state breaks continuous time translation symmetry and is robust against perturbations.

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Area of Science:

  • Quantum physics
  • Condensed matter physics
  • Many-body systems

Background:

  • Time crystals are states of matter that exhibit periodic behavior in time.
  • Discrete time crystals have been realized in periodically driven systems.
  • Continuous time crystals, which break continuous time translation symmetry, remain experimentally elusive.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To experimentally realize a continuous time crystal.
  • To investigate a continuously pumped dissipative atom-cavity system for emergent dynamical phases.
  • To characterize the properties of the observed limit cycle phase.

Main Methods:

  • Utilizing a continuously pumped dissipative atom-cavity system.
  • Observing emergent oscillations in intracavity photon number.
  • Analyzing the randomness of oscillation phase across different realizations.
  • Testing the robustness of the limit cycles against temporal perturbations.

Main Results:

  • Observed a limit cycle phase in the atom-cavity system.
  • Demonstrated spontaneous breaking of continuous time translation symmetry due to random oscillation phase.
  • Confirmed the robustness of the emergent oscillations against temporal perturbations.

Conclusions:

  • The observed limit cycle phase represents the first experimental realization of a continuous time crystal.
  • This dynamical many-body state provides a new platform for studying fundamental physics.
  • The robustness of the continuous time crystal opens avenues for potential applications.