Related Experiment Video
Updated: Sep 20, 2025

Wireless Electrophysiological Recording of Neurons by Movable Tetrodes in Freely Swimming Fish
Published on: November 26, 2019
Underwater wireless communication via TENG-generated Maxwell's displacement current
Hongfa Zhao1,2, Minyi Xu3, Mingrui Shu1
1Marine Engineering College, Dalian Maritime University, 116026, Dalian, China.
Abstract:
Underwater communication is a critical and challenging issue, on account of the complex underwater environment. This study introduces an underwater wireless communication approach via Maxwell's displacement current generated by a triboelectric nanogenerator. Underwater electric field can be generated through a wire connected to a triboelectric nanogenerator, while current signal can be inducted in an underwater receiver certain distance away. The received current signals are basically immune to disturbances from salinity, turbidity and submerged obstacles. Even after passing through a 100 m long spiral water pipe, the electric signals are not distorted in waveform. By modulating and demodulating the current signals generated by a sound driven triboelectric nanogenerator, texts and images can be transmitted in a water tank at 16 bits/s. An underwater lighting system is operated by the triboelectric nanogenerator-based voice-activated controller wirelessly. This triboelectric nanogenerator-based approach can form the basis for an alternative wireless communication in complex underwater environments.
Related Concept Videos
Displacement Current
Significance of Displacement Current
Energy Stored In A Coaxial Cable
In the simplest form, a coaxial cable can be represented by two long hollow concentric cylinders in which the current flows in opposite directions. The magnetic field inside and outside the coaxial cable is determined by using Ampère's law. The magnetic...
Ampere-Maxwell's Law: Problem-Solving
To solve the problem, we can use the equations from the analysis of an RC circuit and Maxwell's version of Ampère's law.
For the first part of...
Maxwell's Equation Of Electromagnetism
Magnetic Force On Current-Carrying Wires: Example

