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Related Concept Videos

Displacement Current01:19

Displacement Current

3.0K
Ampère's law, in its usual form, does not work in places where the current changes with time and is not steady. Thus, Maxwell suggested including an additional contribution, called the displacement current, Id, to the real conduction current I.
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Significance of Displacement Current01:27

Significance of Displacement Current

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A displacement current is analogous to a real current in Ampère's law, participating in Ampère's law the same way as the usual conduction current. However, it is produced by a changing electric field. Displacement current is defined in terms of a time-varying electric field, and also has an associated displacement current density. By adding a term accounting for displacement current, Maxwell modified the existing Ampère's law, which is now called generalized Ampère's law.
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Energy Stored In A Coaxial Cable01:31

Energy Stored In A Coaxial Cable

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A coaxial cable consists of a central copper conductor used for transmitting signals, followed by an insulator shield, a metallic braided mesh that prevents signal interference, and a plastic layer that encases the entire assembly.
In the simplest form, a coaxial cable can be represented by two long hollow concentric cylinders in which the current flows in opposite directions. The magnetic field inside and outside the coaxial cable is determined by using Ampère's law. The magnetic...
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Ampere-Maxwell's Law: Problem-Solving01:17

Ampere-Maxwell's Law: Problem-Solving

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A parallel-plate capacitor with capacitance C, whose plates have area A and separation distance d, is connected to a resistor R and a battery of voltage V. The current starts to flow at t = 0. What is the displacement current between the capacitor plates at time t? From the properties of the capacitor, what is the corresponding real current?
To solve the problem, we can use the equations from the analysis of an RC circuit and Maxwell's version of Ampère's law.
For the first part of...
778
Maxwell's Equation Of Electromagnetism01:29

Maxwell's Equation Of Electromagnetism

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James Clerk Maxwell (1831–1879) was one of the major contributors to physics in the nineteenth century. Although he died young, he made major contributions to the development of the kinetic theory of gases, to the understanding of color vision, and to understanding the nature of Saturn's rings. He is probably best known for having combined existing knowledge on the laws of electricity and magnetism with his insights into a complete overarching electromagnetic theory, which is...
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Magnetic Force On Current-Carrying Wires: Example01:22

Magnetic Force On Current-Carrying Wires: Example

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In a magnetic field, moving charges encounter a force. If a wire contains these moving charges, i.e., if the wire is carrying a current, then a force acts on the wire as well. Consider a pair of flexible leads holding a wire that is 40 cm long and 10 g in weight in a horizontal position. The wire is placed in a constant magnetic field of 0.40 T, as shown in Figure 1(a). Determine the magnitude and direction of the current flowing in the wire needed to remove the tension in the supporting leads.
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Underwater wireless communication via TENG-generated Maxwell's displacement current.

Hongfa Zhao1,2, Minyi Xu3, Mingrui Shu1

  • 1Marine Engineering College, Dalian Maritime University, 116026, Dalian, China.

Nature Communications
|June 10, 2022
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Summary

This study presents a novel underwater wireless communication method using Maxwell's displacement current from a triboelectric nanogenerator. This approach offers robust signal transmission, unaffected by underwater environmental factors.

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Area of Science:

  • Electrical Engineering
  • Materials Science
  • Oceanography

Background:

  • Underwater communication faces significant challenges due to environmental complexities.
  • Existing methods are often limited by factors like salinity, turbidity, and obstacles.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To introduce a novel underwater wireless communication system.
  • To leverage Maxwell's displacement current generated by a triboelectric nanogenerator for communication.

Main Methods:

  • Generating an underwater electric field using a triboelectric nanogenerator and a wire.
  • Inducing current signals in an underwater receiver.
  • Testing signal robustness against environmental disturbances and physical obstructions.
  • Modulating and demodulating current signals for data transmission.

Main Results:

  • Received current signals demonstrated immunity to salinity, turbidity, and submerged obstacles.
  • Signal waveform integrity was maintained even after transmission through a 100m spiral water pipe.
  • Text and image data were successfully transmitted at 16 bits/s in a water tank.
  • A voice-activated controller powered by the triboelectric nanogenerator wirelessly operated an underwater lighting system.

Conclusions:

  • The triboelectric nanogenerator-based approach provides a viable alternative for wireless communication in challenging underwater environments.
  • This method shows potential for robust and reliable underwater data and control signal transmission.