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Updated: Sep 20, 2025

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The Role of Indoleamine 2, 3-Dioxygenase 1 in Regulating Tumor Microenvironment
Xinting Huang1, Feng Zhang2, Xiaobo Wang1
1Department of Ophthalmology, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha 410011, China.
Abstract:
Indoleamine 2, 3-dioxygenase 1 (IDO1) is a rate-limiting enzyme that metabolizes an essential amino acid tryptophan (Trp) into kynurenine (Kyn), and it promotes the occurrence of immunosuppressive effects by regulating the consumption of Trp and the accumulation of Kyn in the tumor microenvironment (TME). Recent studies have shown that the main cellular components of TME interact with each other through this pathway to promote the formation of tumor immunosuppressive microenvironment. Here, we review the role of the immunosuppression mechanisms mediated by the IDO1 pathway in tumor growth. We discuss obstacles encountered in using IDO1 as a new tumor immunotherapy target, as well as the current clinical research progress.
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