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Duodenal Metabolic Profile Changes in Heat-Stressed Broilers.

Jalila S Dridi1, Elizabeth S Greene2, Craig W Maynard2

  • 1École Universitaire de Kinésithérapie, Université d'Orléans, Rue de Chartres, 45100 Orléans, France.

Animals : an Open Access Journal From MDPI
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PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Heat stress significantly alters broiler duodenal metabolites, with distinct profiles for acute versus chronic exposure, independent of feed intake. This research identifies potential duodenal signatures for heat stress in poultry.

Keywords:
broilerscanonical pathwaysheat stressmass spectrometrymetabolomics

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Area of Science:

  • Poultry Science
  • Metabolomics
  • Animal Physiology

Background:

  • Heat stress (HS) negatively impacts poultry production sustainability and gut integrity.
  • Mechanisms underlying HS-induced gut dysbiosis and leaky gut syndrome are not fully understood.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the duodenal metabolite profiles in broilers under acute (AHS) and chronic cyclic (CHS) heat stress.
  • To identify duration-dependent metabolic signatures associated with heat stress in poultry.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized high-throughput mass spectrometric metabolomics (UHPLC-HRMS) on duodenal samples.
  • Compared metabolite profiles from thermoneutral (TN), pair-fed, AHS, and CHS broilers.
  • Analyzed data using Principal Component Analysis (PCA) and Partial Least Squares Discriminant Analysis (PLS-DA).
  • Mapped metabolites to Ingenuity Pathway Analysis (IPA) for biological function and network analysis.

Main Results:

  • Identified 178 known metabolites, with clear separation in duodenal profiles between TN and HS groups.
  • Metabolite signatures differed significantly between AHS and CHS groups, indicating duration-dependent effects.
  • Specific pathways like adenosine and dopamine degradation (AHS) and UDP-D-xylose/glucuronate biosynthesis (CHS) were altered.
  • IPA revealed enrichment in amino acid metabolism, molecular transport, cell death, and DNA repair functions.
  • Predicted upstream regulators (e.g., CPT1B, HDAC11, IL37) and downstream mediators (e.g., MAPKs, SOD) were affected.

Conclusions:

  • Heat stress induces significant, duration-dependent changes in the broiler duodenal metabolome, irrespective of feed intake.
  • Identified distinct duodenal metabolic signatures for acute and chronic heat stress.
  • These findings provide insights into the molecular mechanisms of HS-induced gut alterations and potential biomarkers.