Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Cell-surface Signaling01:21

Cell-surface Signaling

52.4K
Hormones—or any molecule that binds to a receptor, known as a ligand—that are lipid-insoluble (water-soluble) are not able to diffuse across the cell membrane. In order to be able to affect a cell without entering it, these hormones bind to receptors on the cell membrane. When a first messenger, a hormone, binds to a receptor, a signal cascade is set off, causing second messengers, proteins inside the cell, to become activated, resulting in downstream effects.
52.4K
Secondary Messengers in Hormone Action01:26

Secondary Messengers in Hormone Action

2.9K
Water-soluble hormones cannot cross the plasma membrane, so they rely on protein receptors that span the membrane to trigger intracellular signaling pathways. These pathways then activate second messengers inside the cell, including cAMP or calcium ions.
Many hormones bind to transmembrane G protein-coupled receptors that connect to regulatory G proteins. These G proteins can then activate enzymes such as adenylyl cyclase or phospholipase C. Adenylyl cyclase converts ATP to cAMP, activating...
2.9K
Signal Transduction: Overview01:26

Signal Transduction: Overview

9.5K
Cells respond to many types of information, often through receptor proteins positioned on the membrane. They respond to chemical signals, such as hormones, neurotransmitters, and other signaling molecules, initiating a series of molecular reactions to produce an appropriate response. This is called signal transduction. Cells also coordinate different responses elicited by the same signaling molecule via mediators, allowing molecular cross-talk.
Typically, signal transduction involves three...
9.5K
Methods of Nuclear Reprogramming01:24

Methods of Nuclear Reprogramming

1.9K
Nuclear reprogramming is a process of transforming one cell type into an unrelated cell type by epigenetic changes that alter the cell’s original gene expression pattern. Such epigenetic changes force cells to express a different set of genes, which play a significant role in inducing transformation into other cell types. Nuclear reprogramming offers applications in reproductive cloning for livestock propagation and regenerative medicine — developing patient-specific cells for...
1.9K
Amplifying Signals via Enzymatic Cascade01:22

Amplifying Signals via Enzymatic Cascade

10.0K
When a ligand binds to a cell-surface receptor, the receptor's intracellular domain changes shape, which may either activate its enzyme function or allow its binding to other molecules. The initial signal is amplified by most signal transduction pathways. This means that a single ligand molecule can activate multiple molecules of a downstream target. Proteins that relay a signal are most commonly phosphorylated at one or more sites, activating or inactivating the protein. Kinases catalyze...
10.0K
Amplifying Signals via Second Messengers01:15

Amplifying Signals via Second Messengers

7.3K
Many receptor binding ligands are hydrophilic; they do not cross the cell membrane but bind to cell-surface receptors. Thus, their message must be relayed by second messengers present in the cell cytoplasm. There are several second messenger pathways, each with its own way of relaying information. For example, the G protein-coupled receptors can activate both phosphoinositol and cyclic AMP (cAMP) second messenger pathways. The phosphoinositol pathway is active when the receptor induces...
7.3K

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Improvement of Mouse Spermatozoa Freezing at -80°C With Ascorbic Acid 2-Glucoside at Thawing Phase.

Andrology·2026
Same author

Immuno-Instructive 3D Tendon Biomimetic Scaffolds Functionalized with Amniotic Epithelial Stem Cell Secretome for Controlled Inflammation and Targeted Macrophage Polarization.

International journal of molecular sciences·2026
Same author

Dental Pulp Stem Cell-Derived Organoids: Advancing the Development of 3D Structures.

Cells·2025
Same author

Neural Markers Predict Tendon Healing Outcomes in an Ovine Achilles Tendon Injury Model: Spontaneous Repair Versus Amniotic Epithelial Cell-Induced Regeneration.

International journal of molecular sciences·2025
Same author

Can Mammalian Reproductive Health Withstand Massive Exposure to Polystyrene Micro- and Nanoplastic Derivatives? A Systematic Review.

International journal of molecular sciences·2024
Same author

Navigating the Intersection of Glycemic Control and Fertility: A Network Perspective.

International journal of molecular sciences·2024

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Sep 20, 2025

Dual Somatic Recordings from Gonadotropin-Releasing Hormone GnRH Neurons Identified by Green Fluorescent Protein GFP in Hypothalamic Slices
09:30

Dual Somatic Recordings from Gonadotropin-Releasing Hormone GnRH Neurons Identified by Green Fluorescent Protein GFP in Hypothalamic Slices

Published on: February 23, 2010

22.4K

Gonadotropin Cell Transduction Mechanisms.

Annunziata Mauro1, Paolo Berardinelli1, Barbara Barboni1

  • 1Faculty of Bioscience and Technology for Food, Agriculture and Environment, University Teramo, Via R. Balzarini 1, 64100 Teramo, Italy.

International Journal of Molecular Sciences
|June 10, 2022
PubMed
Summary

This Special Edition explores gonadotropin mechanisms and biological roles in health and disease. It aims to uncover new therapeutic strategies for reproductive and regenerative medicine.

More Related Videos

Engineering Cell-permeable Protein
21:08

Engineering Cell-permeable Protein

Published on: December 28, 2009

14.6K
Recording Electrical Activity from Identified Neurons in the Intact Brain of Transgenic Fish
07:45

Recording Electrical Activity from Identified Neurons in the Intact Brain of Transgenic Fish

Published on: April 30, 2013

13.6K

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Sep 20, 2025

Dual Somatic Recordings from Gonadotropin-Releasing Hormone GnRH Neurons Identified by Green Fluorescent Protein GFP in Hypothalamic Slices
09:30

Dual Somatic Recordings from Gonadotropin-Releasing Hormone GnRH Neurons Identified by Green Fluorescent Protein GFP in Hypothalamic Slices

Published on: February 23, 2010

22.4K
Engineering Cell-permeable Protein
21:08

Engineering Cell-permeable Protein

Published on: December 28, 2009

14.6K
Recording Electrical Activity from Identified Neurons in the Intact Brain of Transgenic Fish
07:45

Recording Electrical Activity from Identified Neurons in the Intact Brain of Transgenic Fish

Published on: April 30, 2013

13.6K

Area of Science:

  • Reproductive Endocrinology
  • Molecular Biology
  • Therapeutic Development

Background:

  • Gonadotropins are crucial hormones regulating reproductive functions.
  • Understanding their complex mechanisms of action is essential for advancing reproductive health.
  • This collection focuses on recent research into gonadotropin biology.

Discussion:

  • Highlights current research on gonadotropin signaling pathways.
  • Explores the involvement of gonadotropins in various physiological and pathological conditions.
  • Connects fundamental research to potential clinical applications.

Key Insights:

  • Advances in understanding gonadotropin function in both health and disease.
  • Identification of novel therapeutic targets within gonadotropin pathways.
  • Stimulates further investigation into reproductive and regenerative medicine.

Outlook:

  • Potential for innovative treatments in infertility and related disorders.
  • Future research directions in gonadotropin-based therapies.
  • Integration of mechanistic insights into clinical practice for improved patient outcomes.