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The human heart is a complex organ made up of four chambers: the right and left atria and the right and left ventricles. These internal chambers are separated by partitions known as the interatrial and interventricular septa. The exterior of the heart features a groove known as the coronary sulcus that demarcates the atria from the ventricles, while the anterior and posterior interventricular sulci distinguish between the two ventricles.
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Dysrhythmias refers to abnormalities in the heart's rhythm. They result from disruptions in the heart's electrical conduction system, which includes the sinoatrial(SA)node, atrioventricular(AV) node, the bundle of His, bundle branches, and Purkinje fibers.Definition and PathophysiologyDysrhythmias result from disorders of impulse formation, impulse conduction, or both. The heart contains specialized cells in the sinoatrial node, atrioventricular node, and the bundle of His and Purkinje fibers...
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The development of the human heart, a crucial organ, commences from the mesoderm on the 18th or 19th day after fertilization. This process initiates in the cardiogenic area, a group of mesodermal cells at the embryo's head end, which evolves into elongated strands known as cardiogenic cords. These cords undergo a transformation to form hollow-centered endocardial tubes.
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Updated: Sep 20, 2025

Morphological and Functional Assessment of the Right Ventricle Using 3D Echocardiography
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The Interventricular Septum: Structure, Function, Dysfunction, and Diseases.

Filippos Triposkiadis1, Andrew Xanthopoulos1, Konstantinos Dean Boudoulas2

  • 1Department of Cardiology, University Hospital of Larissa, 41110 Larissa, Greece.

Journal of Clinical Medicine
|June 10, 2022
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

The interventricular septum (IVS) is crucial for heart function and oxygen delivery in vertebrates. This review covers IVS morphology, physiology, and diseases, aiding diagnosis and treatment.

Keywords:
diseasesfunctioninterventricular septumstructuretreatment

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Area of Science:

  • Cardiology
  • Physiology
  • Pathology

Background:

  • Vertebrate adaptation to terrestrial life necessitated enhanced oxygen and energy delivery via pulmonary circulation and a septated heart.
  • The interventricular septum (IVS) is integral to the heart's conduction system and mechanical function.
  • IVS abnormalities can lead to severe cardiac dysfunction, including pump failure and arrhythmias.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To present a comprehensive review of the state-of-the-art information on the interventricular septum.
  • To detail the morphology, physiology, and pathophysiology of the IVS.
  • To discuss diseases affecting the IVS and diagnostic/therapeutic challenges.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of current scientific information.
  • Synthesis of data on IVS structure, function, and disease.
  • Analysis of diagnostic imaging techniques and therapeutic approaches.

Main Results:

  • The IVS plays a vital role in supporting ventricular function and accommodating the conduction system.
  • Various conditions, notably hypertrophy, can compromise IVS structure and function, leading to critical cardiac events.
  • Current imaging techniques allow for IVS evaluation, though precise etiological diagnosis, especially in the elderly, can be challenging due to overlapping causes.

Conclusions:

  • Understanding IVS morphology, physiology, and pathology is essential for managing cardiac health.
  • Effective therapies exist, but accurate diagnosis of underlying causes, particularly in complex cases of IVS hypertrophy, remains an area for advancement.
  • This review provides a foundational resource for clinicians and researchers focused on the interventricular septum.