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The ability of a drug to produce structural deformations and functional abnormalities in the developing embryo or the fetus is called teratogenicity, and the drug producing this effect is known as a teratogen. Teratogenic effects include stillbirth, miscarriage, intrauterine growth restriction, and neurocognitive delay. A teratogen may affect the embryo at different stages of development, which is important in determining the type and extent of the damage. During blastocyst formation, the early...
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Vitamins, derived from the Latin word for life, are essential organic substances required in small quantities for optimal growth and overall well-being. Unlike other organic nutrients, vitamins don't act as sources of energy or building materials but rather facilitate these nutrients' utilization by the body. Vitamins are predominantly coenzymes, assisting enzymes in specific chemical actions, like the oxidation of glucose for energy involving B vitamins. Most vitamins are not produced...
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The initiation of cell-mediated immunity can be observed as early as the third month of fetal growth, with active antibody-mediated immunity following approximately one month later.
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Respiratory symptoms, such as congestion and cough, commonly accompany respiratory tract conditions. Various medications, such as antitussives, expectorants, and mucolytics, play crucial roles in providing relief.
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Acids are classified by the number of protons per molecule that they can give up in a reaction. Acids such as HCl, HNO3, and HCN that contain one ionizable hydrogen atom in each molecule are called monoprotic acids. Their reactions with water are:
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When it comes to infants and young children, they are typically administered smaller doses of medication in comparison to adults. This is primarily because their organ functions still need to fully develop, meaning their bodies are not as efficient at metabolizing or eliminating drugs. Additionally, their blood-brain barrier is more permeable than in adults. As a result, high concentrations of drugs can easily penetrate the central nervous system (CNS), potentially leading to neurological...
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Ascorbic Acid and the Premature Infant.

Nayef Chahin1, Miheret S Yitayew1, Alicia Richards2

  • 1Division of Neonatal Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Children's Hospital of Richmond at VCU and School of Medicine, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA 23298-02761, USA.

Nutrients
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Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Premature infants have specific nutritional needs, particularly for ascorbic acid (Vitamin C). Factors like maternal health and infant development impact vitamin C levels, influencing infant health and disease risk.

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Area of Science:

  • Neonatology
  • Nutritional Science
  • Biochemistry

Background:

  • Limited data exists on plasma ascorbic acid (AscA) needs in premature infants (<37 weeks gestation).
  • Ascorbic acid plays a crucial role in infant health and development.
  • Understanding factors influencing AscA levels is vital for optimizing care in this vulnerable population.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the relationship between infant characteristics, maternal health, and infant plasma AscA levels (pAscA) during postnatal development.
  • To determine the influence of early postnatal AscA levels (EpAscA) on later infant morbidities.
  • To identify key factors affecting pAscA in premature infants.

Main Methods:

  • Prospective longitudinal observational study involving infants ≤34 weeks gestation.
  • Analysis of over 200 urine and plasma data points, including demographics and hospital course.
  • Statistical analysis to identify associations between maternal/infant factors and pAscA.

Main Results:

  • Maternal smoking, magnesium sulfate (MgSO4) exposure, and increasing gestational/postnatal age were linked to lower pAscA.
  • Non-white infants and those born ≤30 weeks who developed bronchopulmonary dysplasia or retinopathy of prematurity had lower pAscA.
  • Prenatal smoking, MgSO4, birth gestational age, and race were identified as negative influences on pAscA.

Conclusions:

  • Prenatal and postnatal factors significantly influence initial pAscA and metabolism in premature infants.
  • These factors may impact organ health and disease risk, highlighting the need for tailored nutritional assessments.
  • Adjusting dietary targets for ascorbic acid may be necessary for this high-risk population.