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Area of Science:

  • Astrophysics
  • Particle Physics
  • Cosmology

Background:

  • Binary neutron star mergers are known sources of gravitational waves and electromagnetic signals.
  • The existence of a dark sector, interacting weakly with the Standard Model, is a key hypothesis in dark matter research.
  • Dark photons are hypothetical particles that could mediate interactions within the dark sector and potentially with the visible sector.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the potential for observable signals from dark photons produced during binary neutron star mergers.
  • To determine if these dark photon signals can be distinguished from standard astrophysical phenomena like short gamma-ray bursts.
  • To explore the capability of such signals to probe currently unconstrained regions of dark matter parameter space.

Main Methods:

  • Simulated the emission of dark photons in the aftermath of binary neutron star mergers.
  • Analyzed the characteristics of the resulting gamma-ray signals, including their isotropy and spectral properties (thermal spectrum around 100 keV).
  • Calculated the expected signal strength for dark photon masses in the 1-100 MeV range.

Main Results:

  • Dark photon emission can produce bright, approximately isotropic, and nearly thermal transient gamma-ray signals within 10 ms to 1 s post-merger.
  • These signal characteristics differ significantly from the beamed, nonthermal emission of short gamma-ray bursts.
  • For dark photon masses of 1-100 MeV, signal luminosities can exceed 10^46 ergs, probing significant unconstrained parameter space.

Conclusions:

  • Visible dark sector signals from dark photons are a plausible consequence of binary neutron star mergers.
  • These signals offer a novel way to search for and constrain dark matter models, particularly those involving freeze-in scenarios.
  • Future observatories, including advanced telescopes and gravitational wave detectors, will enhance the prospects for detecting these signals.