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Bias, Fairness, and Validity in Graduate-School Admissions: A Psychometric Perspective
Sang Eun Woo1, James M LeBreton2, Melissa G Keith3
1Department of Psychological Sciences, Purdue University.
Summary
The Graduate Record Examination (GRE) is under review for graduate admissions. This study psychometrically evaluates common admission tools, including the GRE, for bias and fairness to inform equitable higher education practices.
Area of Science:
- Psychometrics
- Higher Education Policy
- Educational Measurement
Background:
- Growing calls to remove the Graduate Record Examination (GRE) from graduate admissions to promote equity and diversity.
- Need for psychometric clarification of 'bias' and 'fairness' in admissions to foster constructive dialogue.
Approach:
- Critically evaluate six common graduate admissions measures: GPA, personal statements, CVs, recommendation letters, interviews, and GRE.
- Review empirical evidence on the validity, bias, and fairness of each measure.
- Identify overlooked issues in the existing literature.
Key Points:
- Psychometric definitions of bias and fairness are crucial for admissions discussions.
- Empirical evidence on the validity and fairness of various admissions tools is synthesized.
- Potential overlooked issues in current admissions practices are highlighted.
Conclusions:
- Suggest practical steps to enhance graduate admissions decision-making.
- Identify key areas for future research in educational measurement and admissions.
- Promote equitable and diverse higher education through improved admissions processes.
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