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Related Concept Videos

Histone Modification02:32

Histone Modification

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The histone proteins have a flexible N-terminal tail extending out from the nucleosome. These histone tails are often subjected to post-translational modifications such as acetylation, methylation, phosphorylation, and ubiquitination. Particular combinations of these modifications form “histone codes” that influence the chromatin folding and tissue-specific gene expression.
Acetylation
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Epigenetics is the study of inherited changes in a cell's phenotype without changing the DNA sequences. It provides a form of memory for the differential gene expression pattern to maintain cell lineage, position-effect variegation, dosage compensation, and maintenance of chromatin structures such as telomeres and centromeres. For example, the structure and location of the centromere on chromosomes are epigenetically inherited. Its functionality is not dictated or ensured by the underlying...
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The histone proteins in the nucleosomes are post-translationally modified (PTM) to increase or decrease access to DNA. The commonly observed PTMs are methylation, acetylation, phosphorylation, and ubiquitination of lysine amino acids in the histone H3 tail region. These histone modifications have specific meaning for the cell. Hence, they are called "histone code". The protein complex involved in histone modification is termed as "reader-writer" complex.
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Time makes histone H3 modifications drift in mouse liver.

Roman Hillje1, Lucilla Luzi1, Stefano Amatori2

  • 1Department of Experimental Oncology, IRCCS - European Institute of Oncology, Milano 20139, Italy.

Aging
|June 10, 2022
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Summary

Epigenetic drift occurs with aging, altering histone H3 modifications in mouse liver. Caloric restriction diet mitigated these age-related epigenetic changes.

Keywords:
ChIP-seqagingdietepigeneticshistones

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Area of Science:

  • Epigenetics and aging research
  • Molecular biology
  • Genomics

Background:

  • Histone modifications, such as methylation and acetylation, are crucial for regulating gene expression.
  • Epigenetic drift, changes in epigenetic marks over time, is associated with aging.
  • Understanding age-related epigenetic changes is vital for developing interventions to promote healthy aging.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the genome-wide distribution of specific histone H3 modifications (H3K4me1, H3K4me3, H3K27ac, H3K27me3) in mouse liver across different ages (3, 6, and 12 months).
  • To determine the impact of caloric restriction on age-related epigenetic modifications.
  • To explore the correlation between different histone modification profiles over time.

Main Methods:

  • Genome-wide analysis of histone H3 modifications using ChIP-seq in C57BL/6 mice livers.
  • Comparison of histone mark distributions at different ages (3, 6, 12 months).
  • Assessment of epigenetic changes in mice fed a standard diet versus a caloric restriction diet.

Main Results:

  • Significant global redistribution of histone H3 modifications was observed with age, particularly in intergenic regions and near transcription start sites.
  • Altered correlations between different histone modification profiles were detected over time.
  • Caloric restriction diet attenuated the extent of age-related epigenetic changes during the first year of life.

Conclusions:

  • Aging leads to substantial epigenetic drift in mouse liver, characterized by redistribution of histone H3 marks.
  • Caloric restriction demonstrates a protective effect against age-related epigenetic alterations.
  • These findings highlight the plasticity of the epigenome and its modulation by diet and aging.