Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Components of Language01:24

Components of Language

430
Language, whether spoken, signed, or written, consists of specific components: lexicon and grammar. The lexicon is the vocabulary of a language, comprising its words. Grammar is the set of rules used to convey meaning through the lexicon. For example, English grammar adds “-ed” to most verbs to indicate past tense. Words are formed by combining phonemes, which are the basic sound units of a language. Different languages have different sets of phonemes (e.g., “ah” vs.
430
Encoding01:19

Encoding

261
Information enters the brain through encoding, which is the input of information into the memory system. Once sensory information is received from the environment, the brain labels or codes it. The information is then organized with similar information and connected to existing concepts. Encoding occurs through automatic processing and effortful processing.
Automatic processing involves the encoding of details like time, space, frequency, and the meaning of words, usually done without conscious...
261
Focusing of Light in the Eye01:16

Focusing of Light in the Eye

3.3K
Light rays enter the eye through the cornea, a transparent dome-shaped tissue that is the eye's outermost layer. The cornea bends or refracts, light rays traveling to the pupil. The shape of the cornea determines how much of the light is bent and whether the image will be focused correctly on the retina at the back of the eye. Once the light has passed through both refraction layers, it converges into a single focal point onto a small area. This is where photoreceptors start transforming...
3.3K
Language01:16

Language

435
Language is a unique communication system that uses words and systematic rules to organize and transmit information. Unlike other forms of communication, which may involve postures, movements, odors, or vocalizations, language relies on symbols and grammar. This makes human communication distinct from that of other species, who also communicate but do not use language in the same way humans do.
Corballis and Suddendorf (2007) and Tomasello and Rakoczy (2003) highlight the role of language in...
435
Language Development01:22

Language Development

466
Children master language quickly and with relative ease, supported by both biological predisposition and reinforcement. B. F. Skinner (1957) proposed that language is learned through reinforcement, while Noam Chomsky (1965) argued that language acquisition mechanisms are biologically determined.
The critical period for language acquisition suggests that the ability to acquire language is at its peak early in life. As people age, this proficiency decreases. Language development begins very...
466
Language and Cognition01:27

Language and Cognition

469
Language serves as a bridge between ideas and communication, influencing how individuals perceive and interact with the world. Psychologists have long debated whether language shapes thought or vice versa. This discussion gained grip with Edward Sapir and Benjamin Lee Whorf in the 1940s, who proposed that language determines thought, a concept known as linguistic determinism. They suggested that the vocabulary and structure of a language influence how its speakers think and perceive reality.
469

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Enhancing multiphoton absorption in atomically precise (AuAg)<sub>13</sub> clusters <i>via</i> 2-/4-mercaptopyridine ligand positional isomerism.

Nanoscale·2026
Same author

Emotion Expression in Breast Cancer Support Seeking: Empirical Study of an Online Community.

JMIR medical informatics·2026
Same author

Association Between the Systemic Immune-Inflammation Index and Aneurysmal Wall Enhancement on High-Resolution Magnetic Resonance Vessel Wall Imaging in Unruptured Intracranial Aneurysms.

Journal of magnetic resonance imaging : JMRI·2026
Same author

Investigating the impact of pre-cooking temperature on the flavor fidelity of reheated beef: A metabolomics-driven mechanistic study.

Food chemistry·2026
Same author

Longitudinal profiling of toxigenic fungi and mycotoxin risks in Coix lacryma-jobi L.

Journal of hazardous materials·2026
Same author

Correction: Hyperoside, a dietary flavonoid, protects against endometritis <i>via</i> gut microbiota-dependent production of hydroxyphenyllactic acid and the gut-uterus axis.

Food & function·2026

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Sep 20, 2025

Author Spotlight: Advancing Understanding of Age-Related Lens Stiffness Changes
05:19

Author Spotlight: Advancing Understanding of Age-Related Lens Stiffness Changes

Published on: April 5, 2024

2.5K

Post-focus compression in Brahvi and Balochi.

Nasir Abbas Syed1, Abdul Waheed Shah1, Anqi Xu2

  • 1LUAWMS, Uthal, Balochistan, Pakistan.

Phonetica
|June 10, 2022
PubMed
Summary

Post-focus compression (PFC), a method of marking focus in speech, was found in both Balochi and Brahvi languages. This study provides the first evidence of PFC in a Dravidian language, expanding our understanding of prosodic phenomena.

Keywords:
Dravidian languagesIndo-Iranian languagesPFCnostratic macrofamilypost-focus compression

More Related Videos

Foreign Accent and Forensic Speaker Identification in Voice Lineups: The Influence of Acoustic Features Based on Prosody
09:09

Foreign Accent and Forensic Speaker Identification in Voice Lineups: The Influence of Acoustic Features Based on Prosody

Published on: September 27, 2024

542
Examining Online Syntactic Processing of Spoken Complex Sentences in Chinese Using Dual-Modal Interference Tasks
08:32

Examining Online Syntactic Processing of Spoken Complex Sentences in Chinese Using Dual-Modal Interference Tasks

Published on: September 5, 2019

5.7K

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Sep 20, 2025

Author Spotlight: Advancing Understanding of Age-Related Lens Stiffness Changes
05:19

Author Spotlight: Advancing Understanding of Age-Related Lens Stiffness Changes

Published on: April 5, 2024

2.5K
Foreign Accent and Forensic Speaker Identification in Voice Lineups: The Influence of Acoustic Features Based on Prosody
09:09

Foreign Accent and Forensic Speaker Identification in Voice Lineups: The Influence of Acoustic Features Based on Prosody

Published on: September 27, 2024

542
Examining Online Syntactic Processing of Spoken Complex Sentences in Chinese Using Dual-Modal Interference Tasks
08:32

Examining Online Syntactic Processing of Spoken Complex Sentences in Chinese Using Dual-Modal Interference Tasks

Published on: September 5, 2019

5.7K

Area of Science:

  • Linguistics
  • Phonetics
  • Sociolinguistics

Background:

  • Post-focus compression (PFC) is a prosodic phenomenon involving reduced pitch range and intensity after a focused word.
  • PFC's presence appears to correlate with language families, but its distribution across diverse language groups remains underexplored.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the presence and characteristics of PFC in Brahvi (Dravidian) and Balochi (Indo-Iranian) languages.
  • To determine if PFC distribution aligns with language family classifications.
  • To contribute to understanding the origins and linguistic spread of prosodic focus marking.

Main Methods:

  • Recorded 20 native speakers of Brahvi and 20 of Balochi producing declarative sentences.
  • Utilized acoustic analyses to examine pitch (f0) and intensity variations under different focus conditions.
  • Compared prosodic patterns in focused vs. neutral sentences within and between languages.

Main Results:

  • Both Brahvi and Balochi exhibited significant post-focus reduction in f0 and intensity compared to neutral sentences.
  • The magnitude of post-focus lowering was greater in Balochi than in Brahvi.
  • Confirmed PFC in Balochi as predicted, and provided the first evidence of PFC in a Dravidian language.

Conclusions:

  • PFC is present in both Indo-Iranian (Balochi) and Dravidian (Brahvi) languages, challenging previous assumptions about its distribution.
  • The findings suggest PFC may be more widespread than previously thought and could offer insights into language contact and macrofamily hypotheses.
  • This research expands the documented cases of PFC and contributes to the broader study of prosodic typology and language evolution.