An event-contingent method to track disfluency effects on the relationship and the self

Area of Science:

• Psychology
• Speech and Language Therapy

Background:

• Adverse effects of stuttering on self-esteem are reported but evidence is mixed.
• Existing theories focus on individual negative cognitions or emotions.
• Previous studies used limited methodologies like single self-reports or lab studies.

Purpose of the Study:

• To propose a theoretical model where conversational flow disruptions threaten relationships and self-esteem.
• To introduce and validate a new event-contingent method for assessing self-esteem fluctuations.
• To examine the predictive value of specific conversational experiences on self-esteem.

Main Methods:

• An event-contingent experience sampling method was used over 2 weeks.
• Participants (58 people who stutter (PWS) and 53 people who do not stutter (PWNS)) reported on conversations.
• Data collected included negative cognitions, emotions, relational quality, and state self-esteem after each conversation.

Main Results:

• Flow disruptions were correlated with temporary reductions in self-esteem for both PWS and PWNS.
• These reductions were mediated by negative cognitions, emotions, and threatened social relationships.
• PWS experienced less conversational flow and lower self-esteem, but not lower relational quality on average.

Conclusions:

• Momentary fluctuations in self-esteem can be effectively assessed using an event-contingent recording method.
• Conversational flow serves as an indicator of relationship quality; disruptions signal potential threats.
• Understanding these fluctuations offers insights into the daily experiences of individuals with speech disorders and their relationships.