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The Association Between Adverse Childhood Experiences and Postpartum Depression.

Danielle M Prentice1, Banan W Otaibi2, Christy Stetter3

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Summary

Women with postpartum depression (PPD) have significantly higher rates of adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) compared to the general population. Routine ACE screening for PPD patients can improve preventative care and mitigate long-term health risks.

Keywords:
adverse childhood experiencesantepartum mood disordersmaternal mental healthobstetricspostpartumpregnancy

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Area of Science:

  • Public Health
  • Psychiatry
  • Epidemiology

Background:

  • Adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) are strongly correlated with adverse health outcomes and psychological diagnoses.
  • Postpartum depression (PPD) affects a significant number of women, and understanding associated risk factors is crucial for effective intervention.
  • Routine screening for ACEs in at-risk populations can facilitate early intervention and preventative care strategies.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the association between ACEs and PPD.
  • To advocate for the integration of the ACE questionnaire as a routine screening tool for all pregnant patients diagnosed with PPD.
  • To determine if patients with PPD exhibit higher rates of ACEs compared to the general female population.

Main Methods:

  • A retrospective cohort study was conducted involving patients diagnosed with PPD at an academic medical center from January 2015 to December 2019.
  • Participants were recruited via telephone and completed an Adverse Childhood Experiences (ACE) questionnaire.
  • ACE scores were calculated and compared to the prevalence data from the Kaiser-CDC ACE Study using a chi-square goodness-of-fit test.

Main Results:

  • The study achieved a 53% response rate, with 132 surveys completed.
  • Women with PPD reported significantly higher percentages of ACEs across all categories compared to the general female population.
  • Specifically, 34.1% of the PPD cohort reported 4 or more ACEs, versus 15.2% in the general female population (p < 0.001).

Conclusions:

  • Women diagnosed with PPD are more likely to have high-risk ACE scores than the general female population.
  • These findings underscore the importance of routine ACE screening for PPD patients to inform counseling and intervention strategies.
  • Implementing ACE screening can support the development of lifelong preventative care and improve patient-provider relationships.