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Colloids

Colloids

Children at play often make suspensions such as mixtures of mud and water, flour and water, or a suspension of solid pigments in water known as tempera paint. These suspensions are heterogeneous mixtures composed of relatively large particles that are visible to the naked eye or can be seen with a magnifying glass. They are cloudy, and the suspended particles settle out after mixing. On the other hand, a solution is a homogeneous mixture in which no settling occurs and in which the dissolved...

Surface Tension of Fluid

Surface Tension of Fluid

Surface tension is a fundamental property of fluids, occurring at the boundary between a liquid and a gas or between two immiscible liquids. This phenomenon arises from the cohesive forces between molecules at the fluid's surface, creating an effect similar to a stretched elastic membrane. Inside each fluid, molecules are equally attracted in all directions by neighboring molecules, but surface molecules experience a net inward force, resulting in surface tension.
Surface tension varies...

Colloids and Suspensions

Colloids and Suspensions

Children at play often make suspensions such as mixtures of mud and water, flour and water, or a suspension of solid pigments in water known as tempera paint. These suspensions are heterogeneous mixtures composed of relatively large particles visible to the naked eye or seen with a magnifying glass. They are cloudy, and the suspended particles settle out after mixing. The suspended particles in a suspension settle out after some time of mixing. The separation of particles from a suspension is...

Colloidal precipitates

Colloidal precipitates

The high insolubility of some precipitates can result in an unfavorable relative supersaturation. This can lead to colloidal particles with a large surface-to-mass ratio, where adsorption is promoted. For instance, in the precipitation of silver chloride, silver ions are adsorbed on the surface of the colloidal particles, forming a primary layer. This layer attracts ions of opposite charge (such as nitrate ions), forming a diffuse secondary layer of adsorbed ions. This electric double layer...

Surface Tension, Capillary Action, and Viscosity

Surface Tension, Capillary Action, and Viscosity

Surface Tension
The various IMFs between identical molecules of a substance are examples of cohesive forces. The molecules within a liquid are surrounded by other molecules and are attracted equally in all directions by the cohesive forces within the liquid. However, the molecules on the surface of a liquid are attracted only by about one-half as many molecules. Because of the unbalanced molecular attractions on the surface molecules, liquids contract to form a shape that minimizes the number...

Precipitate Formation and Particle Size Control

Precipitate Formation and Particle Size Control

In precipitation gravimetry, the precipitating agent should react specifically or selectively with the analyte. While a specific reagent reacts with the analyte alone, a selective reagent can react with a limited number of chemical species.
The obtained precipitate should be either a pure substance of known composition or easily converted to one by a simple process, such as ignition or drying. In addition, the precipitate should be insoluble and easily filterable. In general, filterability...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Sep 8, 2025

Aqueous Droplets Used as Enzymatic Microreactors and Their Electromagnetic Actuation

Aqueous Droplets Used as Enzymatic Microreactors and Their Electromagnetic Actuation

Published on: August 28, 2017

Liquid marbles, floating droplets: preparations, properties, operations and applications.

Yukai Sun¹, Yelong Zheng¹, Chuntian Liu¹

¹State Key Laboratory of Precision Measuring Technology and Instruments, Tianjin University Tianjin China zhengyelongby@tju.edu.cn.

|June 13, 2022

Summary

Liquid marbles (LMs) are non-wettable droplets with unique properties. This review summarizes their preparation, properties, and applications, highlighting challenges and future potential.

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Last Updated: Sep 8, 2025

Aqueous Droplets Used as Enzymatic Microreactors and Their Electromagnetic Actuation

Aqueous Droplets Used as Enzymatic Microreactors and Their Electromagnetic Actuation

Published on: August 28, 2017

Impacts of Free-falling Spheres on a Deep Liquid Pool with Altered Fluid and Impactor Surface Conditions

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Published on: February 17, 2019

Glass-Based Devices to Generate Drops and Emulsions

Glass-Based Devices to Generate Drops and Emulsions

Published on: April 5, 2022

Area of Science:

Materials Science
Surface Chemistry
Fluid Dynamics

Background:

Liquid marbles (LMs) are droplets coated with hydrophobic particles, preventing liquid-substrate contact.
Their non-wettable, non-adhesive, elastic, and stable nature enables diverse applications.
LMs offer unique advantages over traditional liquid handling methods.

Purpose of the Study:

To review recent advancements in the preparation and physical properties of liquid marbles.
To summarize the diverse applications of LMs, focusing on their operational and floating capabilities.
To identify current challenges and future prospects for LM technology.

Main Methods:

Literature review of recent research on liquid marbles.
Analysis of LM properties including preparation, stability, and movement.
Categorization of LM applications in various scientific fields.

Main Results:

LMs exhibit excellent mobility on solid and liquid surfaces due to particle coating.
Key applications include microfluidics, sensors, and biological incubators.
Challenges remain in achieving uniformity, controlling volatilization, and enhancing stability.

Conclusions:

Liquid marbles present a versatile platform with significant potential across multiple disciplines.
Further research is needed to overcome current limitations for broader adoption.
The unique structural characteristics of LMs pave the way for novel applications.