Age trends in maximal physical performance: comparison and evaluation of models

Area of Science:

• Gerontology
• Exercise Physiology
• Biomechanical Engineering

Background:

• Aging is associated with declines in maximal physical performance.
• Several theoretical models attempt to explain these age-related changes.
• Understanding these models is crucial for interventions aimed at maintaining physical function in older adults.

Purpose of the Study:

• To compare five paradigmatic models of age-related changes in maximal physical performance.
• To evaluate models based on internal consistency and external validation data.
• To identify the most accurate model for predicting age-related performance decrements.

Main Methods:

• Comparative analysis of five models: power output, power supply, energy output-supply, motivation, and sampling.
• Assessment of models using internal criteria (e.g., logical consistency).
• Validation using external data from reaction time, strength, and athletic performance studies.

Main Results:

• Power output models demonstrated greater internal consistency.
• The energy output-supply category model provided the best prediction of validational data.
• The power output relative to power available (POrPA) model emerged as the superior predictor.

Conclusions:

• The POrPA model, an energy output-supply model, effectively explains age-related declines in maximal physical performance.
• Performance deterioration is linked to the ratio of peak power output to available power, influenced by task strength demands and duration.
• Findings have implications for understanding and promoting physical activity in later life.