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Excluding numeric side-effect information produces lower vaccine intentions.

Brittany Shoots-Reinhard1, Eliza R Lawrence2, Jay Schulkin3

  • 1Center for Science Research Communication, School of Journalism and Communication, 1275 University of Oregon, Eugene, OR 97403, United States; Department of Psychology, Ohio State University, 1835 Neil Ave, Columbus, OH 43210, United States.

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Providing numeric vaccine side-effect likelihood data significantly boosts vaccine intentions and reduces risk overestimation. This information is crucial for informed vaccination decisions and overcoming hesitancy.

Keywords:
Health communicationNumeracyPolitical ideologyRiskVaccinationVaccine hesitancy

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Area of Science:

  • Public Health
  • Behavioral Science
  • Risk Communication

Background:

  • Vaccine hesitancy, often fueled by concerns over side effects, hinders high vaccination rates.
  • Current vaccine information sheets lack quantitative data on side-effect probabilities, potentially leading to public misunderstanding.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To assess the impact of providing numeric likelihoods and verbal labels for vaccine side effects on vaccination intentions.
  • To determine if this information influences decision-making and risk perception regarding hypothetical vaccines.

Main Methods:

  • A diverse online sample (N=595) was surveyed regarding their intentions to receive a hypothetical vaccine.
  • Participants were exposed to different formats of side-effect information: no numbers, numeric data only, or numeric data with verbal labels.
  • Statistical analyses controlled for demographic and ideological factors.

Main Results:

  • Numeric side-effect information significantly increased vaccine intentions (70% vs. 54% likelihood to vaccinate).
  • Participants receiving numeric data were less likely to overestimate side-effect risks.
  • Verbal labels, combined with numeric data, further enhanced vaccine intentions, especially for vaccine-hesitant individuals (43% vs. 24%).

Conclusions:

  • The absence of numeric side-effect likelihood data in standard vaccine information contributes to lower vaccination rates.
  • Communicating side-effect probabilities numerically and verbally can improve public understanding and vaccine uptake.
  • Targeted communication strategies incorporating quantitative data are vital for addressing vaccine hesitancy.