Decolorization of azo dyes by a novel aerobic bacterial strain Bacillus cereus strain ROC

Synthetic dyes are widely used as colorant compounds in various industries for different purposes. Among all the dyestuffs, azo dyes constitute the largest and the most used class of dyes. These dyes and their intermediate products are common contaminants of ground water and soil in developing countries. Biological methods have been found to be promising for the treatment and degradation of these compounds. In the present study, we focused on the biological removal of azo dyes (Reactive orange 16 and Reactive black 5) under aerobic conditions using an indigenous bacterial strain isolated from contaminated industrial areas. The bacterial isolate was identified as Bacillus cereus strain ROC. Degradation experiments under agitation with both free and immobilized cells indicates that this strain degrades both azo- dyes in 5 days. The immobilized cells were more proficient than their free cell counterparts. The toxicity of the biotransformation products formed after decolorization were assessed by conducting bacteriotoxic and phytotoxic assays. All the toxicity assays indicate that the dyes' degraded products were non-toxic in nature, as compared to the dyes themselves. The kinetics of the azo dyes' degradation was also studied at various initial concentration ranges from 50 mg/L to 250 mg/L by growth independent kinetic models. Zero-order kinetics were fit to the experimental data, producing values of least squares regression (R2) greater than 0.98, which indicates that the bacterial strain degrades both dyes by co-metabolism rather than utilizing them as sole energy source. These results indicate that the Bacillus cereus ROC strain has great potential to degrade dye-contaminated water and soil.