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The moisture content of aggregates is a crucial factor in construction, particularly in concrete mixing, as it influences the total water required in the mix. Moisture content represents the water coated on the exterior surface of the aggregate existing in a saturated and surface-dry condition. The total water content of a moist aggregate is the sum of its moisture content and water absorption.
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Bulk density refers to the mass of aggregate particles that would fill a unit volume. The concept of bulk density originates from the inability to pack aggregate particles in a manner that completely eliminates void spaces. Hence, the term bulk refers to the volume that encompasses both the aggregates and the voids. This measurement is crucial when aggregates are batched by volume and is used to convert quantities by mass to volume.
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Aggregates typically contain pores, which can be either permeable or impermeable. Considering the pores in the aggregates, the specific gravity of aggregates is defined in three different forms, namely, bulk or gross specific gravity, apparent specific gravity, and absolute specific gravity.
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Sir Isaac Newton established the universality of the law of gravitational attraction based on empirical evidence and inductive reasoning. He published his work in Philosophiae Naturalis Principia Mathematica ("the Principia") on July 5, 1687.
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Dry friction occurs between two solid surfaces in contact as they attempt to move relative to one another. In daily life, dry friction is encountered in various forms, such as when walking on the ground, sliding an object across a table, or rubbing hands together. Despite its ubiquity, the underlying mechanisms behind dry friction are not readily visible.
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Method to Produce Durable Pellets at Lower Energy Consumption Using High Moisture Corn Stover and a Corn Starch Binder in a Flat Die Pellet Mill
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Added-mass force in dry granular matter.

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  • 1Université Paris-Saclay, CNRS, Laboratoire FAST, F-91405 Orsay, France.

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Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Researchers identified an added-mass force in unsteady granular flow, crucial for understanding intruder motion. This force, proportional to acceleration, depends on granular media properties and intruder size, validated by simulations.

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Area of Science:

  • Physics
  • Fluid Dynamics
  • Materials Science

Background:

  • Understanding granular materials dynamics is essential in various scientific and engineering fields.
  • Previous models often focused on steady-state motion, neglecting transient effects.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate and characterize the forces acting on a circular intruder during unsteady motion in dry granular packing.
  • To identify and quantify a specific force term related to the intruder's acceleration.

Main Methods:

  • Two-dimensional (2D) numerical simulations of intruder motion in granular media.
  • Analytical calculation of the added-mass coefficient (C_AM) using a derived velocity field.
  • Comparison of simulation results with theoretical predictions.

Main Results:

  • Evidence for an added-mass force term proportional to the intruder's acceleration was found.
  • The added-mass coefficient (C_AM) was analytically calculated and shown to depend on the grain-cylinder size ratio.
  • Simulated and theoretical values for C_AM demonstrated good agreement.

Conclusions:

  • An added-mass force, analogous to that in simple fluids, plays a significant role in unsteady granular flow.
  • The derived analytical model accurately predicts the added-mass coefficient, linking it to granular material properties and geometry.