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Microdosimetric concepts applied to hormesis.

V P Bond, L E Feinendegen, C A Sondhaus

    Health Physics
    |May 1, 1987
    PubMed
    Summary
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    Even small radiation doses can cause cell transformation, mutagenesis, and carcinogenesis, especially with high-LET radiation. Zero incidence is unlikely, questioning the radiation hormesis concept for preventing cancer and genetic defects.

    Area of Science:

    • Radiation biology
    • Molecular toxicology

    Background:

    • Radiation energy deposition can overwhelm cellular repair mechanisms.
    • High-linear energy transfer (LET) radiation poses a significant risk for cellular damage.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To evaluate the effectiveness of radiation, particularly high-LET radiation, in causing cell transformation, mutagenesis, and carcinogenesis.
    • To assess the potential of radiation hormesis in mitigating these effects.

    Main Methods:

    • Analysis of data on mutagenesis and carcinogenesis.
    • Consideration of energy deposition at macromolecular cell targets.
    • Evaluation of cellular repair processes.

    Main Results:

    • A small absorbed organ dose of radiation can deliver substantial energy to critical cell targets.

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  • Even minimal absorbed doses can be effective in causing mutagenesis and carcinogenesis, especially with high-LET radiation.
  • Cellular repair mechanisms may be insufficient to prevent transformation after high-energy deposition events.

    • Conclusions:

    • Achieving zero incidence of radiation-induced cancer and genetic defects is likely unrealistic, particularly for high-LET radiation.
    • The efficacy of radiation hormesis in preventing these outcomes requires further investigation, as it may not negate the risks of even moderate doses.
    • The concept of radiation hormesis needs to be weighed against the potential for induced cancer and genetic defects, especially in younger populations.