Search research articles

ABOUT JoVE

Overview Leadership Blog JoVE Help Center

AUTHORS

Publishing Process Editorial Board Scope & Policies Peer Review FAQ Submit

LIBRARIANS

Testimonials Subscriptions Access Resources Library Advisory Board FAQ

RESEARCH

JoVE Journal Methods Collections JoVE Encyclopedia of Experiments Archive

EDUCATION

JoVE Core JoVE Business JoVE Science Education JoVE Lab Manual Faculty Resource Center Faculty Site

Terms & Conditions of Use

Related Concept Videos

Single Nucleotide Polymorphisms-SNPs

Single Nucleotide Polymorphisms-SNPs

A single nucleotide polymorphism or SNP is a single nucleotide variation at a specific genomic position in a large population. It is the most prevalent type of sequence variation found in the human genome. Point mutations that occur in more than 1% of the population qualify as SNPs. These are present once every 1000 nucleotides on an average in the human genome. Replacement of a purine with another purine (A/G) or a pyrimidine with another pyrimidine (C/T) is known as a transition. In contrast,...

Viral Mutations

Viral Mutations

A mutation is a change in the sequence of bases of DNA or RNA in a genome. Some mutations occur during replication of the genome due to errors made by the polymerase enzymes that replicate DNA or RNA. Unlike DNA polymerase, RNA polymerase is prone to errors because it is not capable of “proofreading” its work. Viruses with RNA-based genomes, like HIV, therefore accrue mutations faster than viruses with DNA-based genomes. Because mutation and recombination provide the raw material...

Conjugated Proteins

Conjugated Proteins

Simple proteins and protein complexes contain only amino acids. In contrast, many other proteins, called conjugated proteins, covalently bond with non-protein moieties.
Nucleoproteins are protein complexes that contain nucleic acids, categorized as deoxyribonucleoproteins (DNPs) or ribonucleoproteins (RNPs) respectively. The nucleosome is a typical example of a DNP where nuclear DNA is associated with histone proteins. The major antigen for the Covid-19 virus SARS-CoV is an RNP that is critical...

Viruses with RNA Genomes

Viruses with RNA Genomes

RNA viruses are categorized into positive-strand, negative-strand, or double-stranded groups based on their genomic structure and replication mechanisms. This classification dictates how they exploit host cellular machinery for protein synthesis and replication. Some RNA viruses also utilize reverse transcription as part of their life cycle, further diversifying their replication strategies.Positive-Strand RNA VirusesPositive-strand RNA viruses have genomes that function directly as messenger...

Viral Recombination

Viral Recombination

Cells are sometimes infected by more than one virus at once. When two viruses disassemble to expose their genomes for replication in the same cell, similar regions of their genomes can pair together and exchange sequences in a process called recombination. Alternatively, viruses with segmented genomes can swap segments in a process called reassortment.

Next-generation Sequencing

Next-generation Sequencing

The first human genome sequencing project cost $2.7 billion and was declared complete in 2003, after 15 years of international cooperation and collaboration between several research teams and funding agencies. Today, with the advent of next-generation sequencing technologies, the cost and time of sequencing a human genome have dropped over 100 fold.
Next-Generation Sequencing Methods
Although all next-generation methods use different technologies, they all share a set of standard features....

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by

Same author

Colonic Continuity After Splenic Flexure Resection: Does the Orientation of the Anastomosis Matter? A Retrospective Cohort Study.

Annali italiani di chirurgia·2026

Same author

TRPML1 agonists synergize with enzyme replacement therapy in fibroblasts from Pompe disease patients.

Journal of translational medicine·2026

Same author

HKDC1 contributes to aberrant lysosome-mitochondria contact in Niemann-Pick disease type C.

bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology·2026

Same author

Genetic variability of hepatitis A virus genotype I strains in Bulgaria, 2011-2023.

BMC infectious diseases·2026

Same author

Ninth BHD International Symposium: Advancing research through global collaboration.

Cell stress & chaperones·2026

Same author

Telethon Undiagnosed Disease Program: Structured approach to solving rare childhood-onset genetic diseases.

Genetics in medicine open·2026

Search research articles

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Sep 7, 2025

Author Spotlight: A Pseudotype Virus System for Assessing Omicron Subvariants and Neutralizing Antibodies in SARS-CoV-2 Research

Author Spotlight: A Pseudotype Virus System for Assessing Omicron Subvariants and Neutralizing Antibodies in SARS-CoV-2 Research

Published on: September 8, 2023

SARS-CoV-2 variants: what have we learnt so far? Commentary.

Luigina Ambrosio¹, Matteo Chiara², Alessandra Lo Presti¹

¹Dipartimento Malattie Infettive, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Rome, Italy.

Annali Dell'Istituto Superiore Di Sanita

|June 20, 2022

Summary

Timely detection of SARS-CoV-2 variants requires surveillance and functional studies. A multidisciplinary approach is crucial for effective public health response to emerging viral threats.

More Related Videos

Live Imaging and Quantification of Viral Infection in K18 hACE2 Transgenic Mice Using Reporter-Expressing Recombinant SARS-CoV-2

Live Imaging and Quantification of Viral Infection in K18 hACE2 Transgenic Mice Using Reporter-Expressing Recombinant SARS-CoV-2

Published on: November 5, 2021

Production of a SARS-CoV-2 Virus-Like-Particle System to Investigate Viral Life Cycles In Vitro

Production of a SARS-CoV-2 Virus-Like-Particle System to Investigate Viral Life Cycles In Vitro

Published on: June 6, 2025

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Sep 7, 2025

Author Spotlight: A Pseudotype Virus System for Assessing Omicron Subvariants and Neutralizing Antibodies in SARS-CoV-2 Research

Author Spotlight: A Pseudotype Virus System for Assessing Omicron Subvariants and Neutralizing Antibodies in SARS-CoV-2 Research

Published on: September 8, 2023

Live Imaging and Quantification of Viral Infection in K18 hACE2 Transgenic Mice Using Reporter-Expressing Recombinant SARS-CoV-2

Live Imaging and Quantification of Viral Infection in K18 hACE2 Transgenic Mice Using Reporter-Expressing Recombinant SARS-CoV-2

Published on: November 5, 2021

Production of a SARS-CoV-2 Virus-Like-Particle System to Investigate Viral Life Cycles In Vitro

Production of a SARS-CoV-2 Virus-Like-Particle System to Investigate Viral Life Cycles In Vitro

Published on: June 6, 2025

Area of Science:

Virology
Epidemiology
Public Health

Background:

Surveillance systems are vital for detecting SARS-CoV-2 variants.
Understanding viral evolution is key to managing pandemics.
Previous studies highlight the need for integrated research efforts.

Purpose of the Study:

To review current knowledge on SARS-CoV-2 variants.
To emphasize the importance of diverse research methodologies.
To advocate for a multidisciplinary strategy against viral threats.

Main Methods:

Review of existing scientific literature on SARS-CoV-2 variants.
Analysis of data from surveillance systems.
Discussion of functional and modeling study outcomes.

Main Results:

SARS-CoV-2 variants pose an ongoing public health challenge.
Integrated approaches combining surveillance, functional, and modeling studies yield comprehensive insights.
A multidisciplinary strategy is essential for effective pandemic preparedness.

Conclusions:

Effective management of SARS-CoV-2 variants necessitates a combination of surveillance, functional, and modeling studies.
A multidisciplinary approach enhances understanding and response to viral threats.
Continued research and collaboration are critical for public health preparedness.