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Related Concept Videos

Electron Orbital Model01:18

Electron Orbital Model

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Orbitals are the areas outside of the atomic nucleus where electrons are most likely to reside. They are characterized by different energy levels, shapes, and three-dimensional orientations. The location of electrons is described most generally by a shell or principal energy level, then by a subshell within each shell, and finally, by individual orbitals found within the subshells.
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Trends in Lattice Energy: Ion Size and Charge02:54

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An ionic compound is stable because of the electrostatic attraction between its positive and negative ions. The lattice energy of a compound is a measure of the strength of this attraction. The lattice energy (ΔHlattice) of an ionic compound is defined as the energy required to separate one mole of the solid into its component gaseous ions. For the ionic solid sodium chloride, the lattice energy is the enthalpy change of the process:
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An atom comprises protons and neutrons, which are contained inside the dense, central core called the nucleus, with electrons present around the nucleus. Taking into account the wave–particle duality of electrons and the uncertainty in position around the nucleus, quantum mechanics provides a more accurate model for the atomic structure. It describes atomic orbitals as the regions around the nucleus where electrons of discrete energy exist, characterized by four quantum...
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Physical models representing molecular architectures of chemical compounds play essential roles in understanding chemistry. The use of molecular models makes it easier to visualize the structures and shapes of atoms and molecules.
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The fluid mosaic model was first proposed as a visual representation of research observations. The model comprises the composition and dynamics of membranes and serves as a foundation for future membrane-related studies. The model depicts the structure of the plasma membrane with a variety of components, which include phospholipids, proteins, and carbohydrates. These integral molecules are loosely bound, defining the cell’s border and providing fluidity for optimal function.
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Excitonic Hamiltonians for Calculating Optical Absorption Spectra and Optoelectronic Properties of Molecular Aggregates and Solids
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Electronic Quantum Materials Simulated with Artificial Model Lattices.

Saoirsé E Freeney1, Marlou R Slot1, Thomas S Gardenier1

  • 1Condensed Matter and Interfaces, Debye Institute of Nanomaterial Science, University of Utrecht, Princetonplein 5, 3584 CC Utrecht, The Netherlands.

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Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Engineered artificial lattices offer precise control over material properties, enabling the study of complex electronic behaviors. This review explores atom-by-atom construction and characterization for novel quantum simulations.

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Area of Science:

  • Condensed Matter Physics
  • Materials Science
  • Quantum Simulation

Background:

  • Understanding the electronic properties of natural crystals is challenging due to the complex interplay of constituent elements and structure.
  • Independent variation of factors like geometry, spin-orbit coupling, and interactions is difficult in natural materials.
  • Artificial lattices provide a controllable platform to overcome these limitations and explore novel electronic phenomena.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the methodology of creating and characterizing artificial lattices atom-by-atom using scanning tunneling microscopy.
  • To discuss the application of these artificial lattices in analogue quantum simulation of electronic band structures.
  • To explore the potential for transferring insights from artificial lattices back to real material engineering.

Main Methods:

  • Atomic manipulation using a scanning tunneling microscope (STM) to construct artificial lattices on atomically flat metal surfaces.
  • Cryogenic STM for in-situ creation, microscopic characterization, and band structure analysis via tunneling spectroscopy.
  • Analogue quantum simulation of various lattice types, including honeycomb, Lieb, kagome, and quasi-crystalline structures.

Main Results:

  • Demonstration of precise control over artificial lattice geometry, dimensions, and electronic interactions.
  • Successful creation and characterization of artificial atoms, molecules, and complex lattice structures.
  • Observation of unique electronic properties, including those leading to crystalline topological insulators and electronic quasi-crystals.

Conclusions:

  • Atom-by-atom engineering of artificial lattices provides unprecedented control for fundamental studies of electronic properties.
  • Scanning tunneling microscopy is a powerful tool for the creation, characterization, and quantum simulation of designed materials.
  • Knowledge gained from artificial lattices can inform strategies for engineering advanced real materials.