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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Sep 7, 2025

Modeling Encephalopathy of Prematurity Using Prenatal Hypoxia-ischemia with Intra-amniotic Lipopolysaccharide in Rats

Modeling Encephalopathy of Prematurity Using Prenatal Hypoxia-ischemia with Intra-amniotic Lipopolysaccharide in Rats

Published on: November 20, 2015

Case 303: Delayed Posthypoxic Leukoencephalopathy.

Natalie Rakocevic¹, Ohoud H Alaslani¹, Carlos H Torres¹

¹From the Department of Radiology, University of Ottawa, 501 Smyth Rd, Ottawa, ON, Canada K1H 8L6 (N.R., O.H.A., C.H.T.), and Department of Medical Imaging, The Ottawa Hospital, Ottawa, Canada (O.H.A., C.H.T.).

|June 21, 2022

Summary

This summary is machine-generated.

A man presented with altered consciousness and respiratory failure, initially attributed to intoxication or withdrawal. He later developed progressive neurological decline, suggesting an underlying encephalopathy requiring further investigation.

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Last Updated: Sep 7, 2025

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Area of Science:

Neurology
Toxicology
Critical Care Medicine

Background:

A 54-year-old male with a history of heavy smoking and alcohol abuse presented with acute altered consciousness, respiratory failure, and rhabdomyolysis.
Initial presentation included mild hypotension, hypercapnia, acute renal failure, and a positive opiate toxicology screen, with minimal response to naloxone.

Observation:

The patient experienced seizure-like movements and was admitted to the ICU for decreased consciousness and respiratory failure.
Electroencephalography showed moderate bilateral cerebral dysfunction and encephalopathy, but no nonconvulsive seizures.
Despite initial treatment including hemodialysis, the patient was discharged but returned weeks later with progressive confusion, apathy, bizarre behavior, and functional decline.

Findings:

Neurological examination, blood work, and extensive toxicology were normal upon readmission.
The patient exhibited symptoms of severe encephalopathy, including somnolence, irritability, inattention, and incontinence.
Repeat head CT and ordered MRI aimed to elucidate the cause of the recurrent encephalopathic presentation.

Implications:

This case highlights the diagnostic challenges in patients with complex presentations of altered mental status and encephalopathy.
The delayed neurological deterioration suggests a potential underlying condition not immediately apparent or related to initial insults.
Further neuroimaging is crucial to identify the etiology of the persistent and progressive encephalopathy.