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Related Concept Videos

Heart Failure IV: Classification and Diagnostic Evaluation01:30

Heart Failure IV: Classification and Diagnostic Evaluation

28
Heart failure can be classified in various ways, with the most common classifications based on physical activity limitations, disease progression, severity, and treatment strategies.The Functional Classification of Heart Failure divides patients into four categories based on physical activity limitation due to symptom burden.Class I: Patients in this class have cardiac disease but no physical activity limitations. Ordinary activities like walking, climbing stairs, or routine tasks do not cause...
28
Heart Failure V: Medical Management01:30

Heart Failure V: Medical Management

23
Medical Management of Acute Decompensated Heart Failure (ADHF)The primary goals of therapy for patients hospitalized with acute decompensated heart failure (ADHF) include:Relieving symptomsOptimizing volume statusSupporting oxygenation and ventilationMaintaining cardiac output (CO) and end-organ perfusionIdentifying and addressing the cause of ADHFPreventing complicationsProviding patient education on factors precipitating HF exacerbationPlanning for dischargeOngoing monitoring and assessment...
23
Pathophysiology of Heart Failure01:17

Pathophysiology of Heart Failure

1.8K
Heart failure (HF) is a progressive syndrome involving ventricles that leads to inadequate cardiac output. It can be classified based on location and output or ejection fraction. Ejection fraction (EF) is an essential measurement in the diagnosis and surveillance of HF. Reduced EF corresponds to systolic heart failure (HFrEF). However, HF with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF) is becoming increasingly prevalent. Also known as diastolic HF, this form of HF is related to aging. The...
1.8K
Heart Failure II: Pathophysiology01:29

Heart Failure II: Pathophysiology

31
Systolic Heart Failure and Compensatory MechanismsSystolic heart failure (also termed HFrEF, Heart Failure with Reduced Ejection Fraction) is the most prevalent type of heart filure. It results in a decreased volume of blood being pumped from the ventricle. The aortic arch and carotid sinuses have baroreceptors that detect reduced blood pressure, triggering the sympathetic nervous system (SNS) to release epinephrine and norepinephrine. Initially, this response aims to boost heart rate and...
31
Cardiomyopathy V: Interprofessional Care01:29

Cardiomyopathy V: Interprofessional Care

30
Managing cardiomyopathy involves addressing underlying or precipitating causes, treating heart failure with medications, and implementing dietary changes and a balanced exercise and rest regimen.Lifestyle ModificationsCardiomyopathy patients should adopt a low-sodium diet to reduce fluid retention and manage heart failure. A personalized exercise and rest plan helps maintain physical fitness without overstraining the heart. Avoiding alcohol and tobacco is essential to prevent further damage to...
30
Cardiomyopathy II: Dilated Cardiomyopathy01:30

Cardiomyopathy II: Dilated Cardiomyopathy

21
Dilated cardiomyopathy, or DCM, is a progressive myocardial disorder characterized by ventricular chamber dilation and contractile dysfunction.EtiologyVarious factors can cause DCM, including hypertension and heavy alcohol intake, which contribute to the weakening and enlargement of the heart muscle. Viral infections, such as Coxsackievirus B, adenoviruses, and influenza, can lead to DCM by causing inflammation and damage to heart tissue. Certain chemotherapeutic agents, including daunorubicin,...
21

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Sep 7, 2025

Wireless Telemetry Device Implantation in a Fontan Ovine Model for Continuous and Long-Term Hemodynamic Monitoring
06:29

Wireless Telemetry Device Implantation in a Fontan Ovine Model for Continuous and Long-Term Hemodynamic Monitoring

Published on: May 2, 2025

287

Fontan failure: phenotypes, evaluation, management, and future directions.

Ujjwal Kumar Chowdhury1, Niwin George1, Lakshmi Kumari Sankhyan2

  • 1Cardiothoracic Centre, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India.

Cardiology in the Young
|June 22, 2022
PubMed
Summary

Managing failing Fontan circulation requires individualized strategies. Cardiac transplantation is the final option, with improving long-term survival rates for Fontan failure patients.

Keywords:
CHDFontanFontan failurefunctionally univentricular heartheart failureportal hypertension

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Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Sep 7, 2025

Wireless Telemetry Device Implantation in a Fontan Ovine Model for Continuous and Long-Term Hemodynamic Monitoring
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Area of Science:

  • Cardiology
  • Pediatric Cardiology
  • Congenital Heart Disease

Background:

  • The Fontan procedure creates a single-ventricle pathway but can lead to long-term complications.
  • Failing Fontan circulation management, including re-intervention indications and timing, is not well-defined.
  • Pathogenesis and mortality factors differ between pediatric and adult Fontan patients.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review current literature on failing and failed Fontan circulation.
  • To synthesize information on clinical phenotypes, diagnostic tools, and treatment outcomes.
  • To clarify management strategies and re-intervention options for Fontan failure.

Main Methods:

  • Systematic literature search for "failing" and "failed" Fontan circulation.
  • Synthesis of 410 investigations.
  • Review of clinical phenotypes, diagnostics, and treatment modalities (pharmacological, non-pharmacological, surgical).

Main Results:

  • Peri-operative mortality has decreased with improved techniques and devices.
  • Long-term attrition is driven by organ dysfunction.
  • Options for failed Fontan include revision, conversion, or transplantation, with transplantation offering 54% 10-year survival.
  • Emerging therapies like mechanical support and tissue-engineered conduits are in early stages.

Conclusions:

  • Individualized management based on clinical phenotypes can delay organ damage.
  • Cardiac transplantation is the current definitive treatment for Fontan failure, with improving outcomes.