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Chambers of the Heart

Chambers of the Heart

The human heart is a complex organ made up of four chambers: the right and left atria and the right and left ventricles. These internal chambers are separated by partitions known as the interatrial and interventricular septa. The exterior of the heart features a groove known as the coronary sulcus that demarcates the atria from the ventricles, while the anterior and posterior interventricular sulci distinguish between the two ventricles.
Deoxygenated blood from the body is received in the right...

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Implantation of the Syncardia Total Artificial Heart

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Porcelain left atrium, from stone to function - a surgical challenge.

Murali Mohan Soma¹, Chaitanya Chittimuri¹, Abhinaba Sarkar¹

¹Department of Cardiothoracic and Vascular Surgery, The Mission Hospital, Immon Kalyan Sarani, Sector IIC Bidhan Nagar, Durgapur, West Bengal India.

Indian Journal of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery

|April 13, 2026

Summary

This case study highlights a rare instance of porcelain left atrium (PLA) in a patient with rheumatic heart disease (RHD). Surgical management of mitral stenosis (MS) was complex due to extensive left atrial calcification and thrombus.

Area of Science:

Cardiology
Cardiac Surgery
Rheumatology

Background:

Rheumatic heart disease (RHD) is a primary cause of mitral stenosis (MS), leading to left atrial (LA) dilation and thrombus formation.

Keywords:

Giant LA thrombus Porcelain left atrium Severe mitral stenosis

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Porcelain left atrium (PLA) is a rare complication of chronic LA dilation, characterized by extensive calcification, significantly increasing surgical risks.