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Interventional Therapies for Osteoarthritis: An Update.

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Summary

Osteoarthritis (OA) management is evolving with minimally invasive techniques offering alternatives to traditional oral medications and surgery. This review details various injection therapies and non-pharmacologic procedures, highlighting image guidance for precision.

Keywords:
biologicsgenicular artery embolizationminimally invasivenerve ablationosteoarthrosis

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Area of Science:

  • Orthopedics and Sports Medicine
  • Radiology
  • Pain Management

Background:

  • Osteoarthritis (OA) is a prevalent global disease with increasing incidence due to aging populations.
  • Current OA treatments, including oral medications (e.g., NSAIDs) and surgery, have limitations.
  • There is a growing demand for minimally invasive techniques for OA management.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review conventional and emerging minimally invasive treatments for osteoarthritis.
  • To discuss the mechanisms of action, contraindications, complications, and efficacy of these treatments.
  • To highlight the role of image guidance in minimally invasive OA interventions.

Main Methods:

  • Review of pharmacologic and non-pharmacologic minimally invasive OA treatments.
  • Discussion of image guidance modalities (fluoroscopy, CT, ultrasound).
  • Categorization of treatments including injections (anti-inflammatories, viscosupplements, biologics) and procedures (subchondroplasty, nerve ablation, genicular artery embolization, pulsed radiofrequency, focused ultrasound).

Main Results:

  • Minimally invasive techniques have rapidly expanded over the past two decades.
  • Image guidance is crucial for precise localization and maximal therapeutic effect.
  • Various minimally invasive options exist, ranging from injections to advanced percutaneous interventions.

Conclusions:

  • Minimally invasive treatments offer promising alternatives or adjuncts to conventional OA therapies.
  • The selection of image guidance modality depends on clinician experience, patient factors, and equipment availability.
  • Continued research and development in minimally invasive OA treatments are essential.