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Conformable Wearable Electrodes: From Fabrication to Electrophysiological Assessment

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Published on: July 22, 2022

Textile-Integrated Liquid Metal Electrodes for Electrophysiological Monitoring.

Braden M Li^1,2,3, Brandon L Reese^4,5, Katherine Ingram⁶

¹Department of Textile Engineering, Chemistry and Science, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, 27606, USA.

Advanced Healthcare Materials

|June 23, 2022

Summary

Researchers developed flexible, robust textile electrodes using a spray-coating liquid metal nanoparticle method. These textile-integrated liquid metal electrodes (TILEs) offer high performance and wearability for wearable sensing applications.

Keywords:

airbrush e-textiles flexible electronics smart textiles soft electrodes spray coating

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Area of Science:

Materials Science
Wearable Technology
Biomedical Engineering

Background:

Textile-based wearable sensors require flexible and strong materials for reliable electrophysiological sensing.
Current materials for skin-contacting electrodes lack the necessary durability and conformability.
This limits the advancement of advanced wearable health monitoring and human-computer interfaces.

Purpose of the Study:

To develop a facile spray coating method for integrating liquid metal nanoparticles into textiles.
To create conformal, flexible, and robust textile-integrated liquid metal electrodes (TILEs).
To evaluate the performance, wearability, and biocompatibility of the developed TILEs.

Main Methods:

A spray coating technique was used to apply functionalized liquid metal nanoparticles onto textile substrates.
The liquid metal system featured a "peel-off to activate" mechanism for conductivity.
Textile-integrated liquid metal electrodes (TILEs) were fabricated and tested for skin-electrode impedance, sensing capabilities, and biocompatibility.

Main Results:

The spray coating method successfully created long-term reusable TILEs.
TILEs demonstrated skin-electrode impedances and sensing capabilities comparable to commercial wet electrodes.
TILEs exhibited superior wearability and biocompatibility compared to existing textile-based dry electrodes.

Conclusions:

The developed TILEs offer a promising solution for flexible and conformable dry electrodes in wearable systems.
"Spray on, dry-behave like wet" characteristics enable applications in health monitoring, haptics, and augmented/virtual reality.
This technology advances the potential of textile-based wearable sensing systems.