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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Sep 6, 2025

Measurement of Neurophysiological Signals of Ignoring and Attending Processes in Attention Control

Measurement of Neurophysiological Signals of Ignoring and Attending Processes in Attention Control

Published on: July 5, 2015

Whether implicit attitudes exist is one question, and whether we can measure individual differences effectively is

Chandra Sripada¹

¹University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA.

Wiley Interdisciplinary Reviews. Cognitive Science

|June 23, 2022

Summary

Indirect measures like the Implicit Association Test (IAT) are poor at assessing individual differences in implicit attitudes. However, distinct evidence confirms that implicit attitudes do exist and operate within our minds.

Keywords:

conflict tasks implicit attitudes measurement ontology test-retest reliability

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Area of Science:

Psychology
Cognitive Science
Social Psychology

Background:

Distinguishing between measuring individual differences in implicit attitudes and their existence is crucial.
Current debates often conflate poor performance of indirect measures with the non-existence of implicit attitudes.

Purpose of the Study:

To dissect the mistake of concluding implicit attitudes do not exist based on poor individual difference measures.
To draw parallels with debates on conflict tasks in cognitive science.
To argue for a nuanced conclusion regarding implicit attitudes and their measurement.

Main Methods:

Analysis of indirect measures, specifically the Implicit Association Test (IAT).
Drawing lessons from parallel debates on conflict tasks (e.g., Stroop task).
Review of evidence supporting the existence of implicit attitudes.

Main Results:

Indirect measures, such as the IAT, demonstrate limitations in measuring individual differences in implicit attitudes.
Distinct lines of evidence robustly support the existence of implicit attitudes.

Conclusions:

While the IAT may not be ideal for individual difference measurement, it does not negate the existence of implicit attitudes.
A nuanced perspective is necessary, acknowledging measurement limitations while affirming the reality of implicit attitudes.