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A battery is a galvanic cell that is used as a source of electrical power for specific applications. Modern batteries exist in a multitude of forms to accommodate various applications, from tiny button batteries such as those that power wristwatches to the very large batteries used to supply backup energy to municipal power grids. Some batteries are designed for single-use applications and cannot be recharged (primary cells), while others are based on conveniently reversible cell reactions that...
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An All-Solid-State Battery Based on Sulfide and PEO Composite Electrolyte.

Yong Su1, Xuedong Zhang1, Congcong Du2,3

  • 1School of Materials Science and Engineering, Xiangtan University, Xiangtan, Hunan, 411105, P. R. China.

Small (Weinheim an Der Bergstrasse, Germany)
|June 24, 2022
PubMed
Summary

This study introduces a novel solid-state lithium-sulfur battery using a composite electrolyte and cathode, effectively suppressing polysulfide shuttle and lithium dendrite growth for enhanced stability and high energy density.

Keywords:
composite electrolyteflexible composite cathodegrowth of lithium dendritelithium metal batteryreversible shuttle

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Area of Science:

  • Materials Science
  • Electrochemistry
  • Energy Storage

Background:

  • Solid polymer electrolytes (SPEs) are crucial for developing safer lithium-sulfur (Li-S) batteries, but face challenges like polysulfide shuttle and lithium dendrite growth.
  • Polyethylene oxide (PEO)-based electrolytes are common but struggle with these issues, limiting battery performance.
  • Developing stable interfaces and mitigating shuttle effects are key to high-energy-density solid-state batteries.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To design and investigate a novel all-solid-state Li-S battery utilizing a composite cathode and electrolyte.
  • To address the challenges of polysulfide shuttle and lithium dendrite formation in PEO-based solid-state electrolytes.
  • To enhance the cycling stability and energy density of Li-S batteries through interface engineering.

Main Methods:

  • Fabrication of a flexible composite cathode (FCC) and a composite electrolyte (S-CPE) based on PEO, LSPSCl, and LiTFSI.
  • Electrochemical performance testing, including initial capacity, capacity retention, and cycling stability at various current densities.
  • Interface analysis using Cryo-transmission electron microscopy (Cryo-TEM) and in situ optical microscopy.

Main Results:

  • The Li|S-CPE|FCC battery achieved an initial capacity of 414 mAh g-1 and maintained 97.8% retention after 100 cycles at 0.1 A g-1.
  • Remarkable capacity retention of 80% was observed after 500 cycles at 0.4 A g-1, demonstrating excellent long-term stability.
  • Cryo-TEM revealed a protective layer at the Li/S-CPE interface, suppressing dendrite growth, while in situ microscopy confirmed reversible polysulfide shuttle in the FCC.

Conclusions:

  • The developed composite electrolyte and cathode effectively mitigate polysulfide shuttle and lithium dendrite issues in solid-state Li-S batteries.
  • The unique interface layer and the reversible shuttle mechanism contribute to the superior cyclic stability and high energy density.
  • This research offers promising strategies for designing advanced solid-state batteries with improved safety and performance.