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The Tumor Microenvironment02:17

The Tumor Microenvironment

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Every normal cell or tissue is embedded in a complex local environment called stroma, consisting of different cell types, a basal membrane, and blood vessels. As normal cells mutate and develop into cancer cells, their local environment also changes to allow cancer progression. The tumor microenvironment (TME) consists of a complex cellular matrix of stromal cells and the developing tumor. The cross-talk between cancer cells and surrounding stromal cells is critical to disrupt normal tissue...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Sep 6, 2025

Quantitative Immunohistochemistry of the Cellular Microenvironment in Patient Glioblastoma Resections
05:45

Quantitative Immunohistochemistry of the Cellular Microenvironment in Patient Glioblastoma Resections

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The Vascular Microenvironment in Glioblastoma: A Comprehensive Review.

Alejandra Mosteiro1, Leire Pedrosa2, Abel Ferrés1

  • 1Department of Neurosurgery, Hospital Clínic de Barcelona, 08036 Barcelona, Spain.

Biomedicines
|June 24, 2022
PubMed
Summary

Glioblastoma

Keywords:
3D modelsangiogenesisanti-angiogenic therapyglioblastomaneovascularizationorganoidsperivascular nichetumor microenvironment

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Area of Science:

  • Neuro-oncology
  • Cancer Biology
  • Tumor Microenvironment

Background:

  • Glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) exhibits aberrant neovascularization, a hallmark of aggressive brain tumors.
  • Anti-angiogenic therapies targeting VEGF have shown limited efficacy in improving GBM patient survival.
  • Tumor angiogenesis is a complex process involving intricate interactions within the tumor microenvironment.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To provide a holistic review of the vascular microenvironment in glioblastoma.
  • To elucidate the components, patterns, and signaling pathways of GBM neovascularization.
  • To explore the endothelial-tumor interrelation and its impact on therapeutic resistance and immune evasion.

Main Methods:

  • Comprehensive literature review of preclinical and clinical studies on glioblastoma angiogenesis.
  • Analysis of vascular generation patterns, perivascular niche components, and signaling pathways.
  • Examination of endothelial-tumor interactions and the link between vascular abnormalities and immune dysregulation.

Main Results:

  • GBM neovascularization is a multifaceted phenomenon driven by complex signaling networks.
  • Intrinsic resistance and escape mechanisms contribute to the limited efficacy of anti-VEGF therapies.
  • Vascular abnormalities in GBM are interconnected with immune cell infiltration and dysfunction.

Conclusions:

  • Understanding the intricate vascular microenvironment is crucial for developing effective GBM treatments.
  • Novel therapeutic strategies should consider combined approaches targeting angiogenesis and other tumor-promoting mechanisms.
  • Revised insights into GBM angiogenesis may explain the failure of conventional therapies and guide future research.