A Slowly Varying Spoofing Algorithm on Loosely Coupled GNSS/IMU Avoiding Multiple Anti-Spoofing Techniques

Area of Science:

• * Navigation Systems Engineering
• * Signal Processing
• * Cybersecurity for Navigation

Background:

• * Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS) spoofing poses significant risks to navigation sensor performance.
• * Increasing use of coupled GNSS and Inertial Measurement Unit (IMU) systems necessitates robust anti-spoofing measures.
• * Existing anti-spoofing techniques can be circumvented by sophisticated spoofing strategies.

Purpose of the Study:

• * To develop an effective GNSS spoofing algorithm to counter loosely coupled GNSS/IMU systems.
• * To propose a measurement deviation determination method that evades multiple anti-spoofing detection techniques.
• * To achieve gradual manipulation of positioning results while avoiding detection.

Main Methods:

• * Analysis of the influence mechanism of spoofing on loosely coupled GNSS/IMU positioning.
• * Development of a slowly varying spoofing algorithm designed to bypass anti-spoofing techniques.
• * Implementation of a measurement deviation determination method to avoid detection by innovation sequence monitoring and parameter rationality checks.

Main Results:

• * The proposed algorithm successfully achieved gradual manipulation of positioning results in simulations.
• * North and east displacements showed spoofing with errors of -0.2 m and 2.3 m, respectively.
• * Down displacement achieved spoofing with an error of 13.2 m, evading system alarms.

Conclusions:

• * The developed spoofing algorithm is effective and highly concealed against current anti-spoofing measures.
• * The method successfully deceives multiple anti-spoofing techniques in loosely coupled GNSS/IMU systems.
• * This research validates a novel approach for sophisticated GNSS spoofing attacks.