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A Synchronous Magnitude Estimation with P-Wave Phases' Detection Used in Earthquake Early Warning System
Dingwen Zhang1, Jihua Fu1,2, Zhitao Li1
1National Institute of Natural Hazards, Ministry of Emergency Management of China, Beijing 100085, China.
Abstract:
How to estimate an earthquake's magnitude rapidly and accurately is a challenge for any earthquake early warning system. In order to reach a balance between accuracy and timeliness, a synchronous magnitude estimation method with P-wave phases' detection is proposed. In this method, the P-wave phases are detected by the changes of the signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) of the seismic records, where the SNRs are calculated by the short-term power and long-term power ratio (STP/LTP). Meanwhile, the variations of the SNR are applied to estimate the magnitude of the earthquake. By the statistics of some earthquake cases, a synchronous magnitude estimation model of the variation of the P-wave phases' SNR, the earthquake magnitude, and the hypocentral distance was built. Compared with some other magnitude estimation methods, the suggested method inherits the robustness of the STP/LTP method and is more accurate and rapid than the peak displacement (Pd) method.
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