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Road Pavement Structural Health Monitoring by Embedded Fiber-Bragg-Grating-Based Optical Sensors.

Janis Braunfelds1,2, Ugis Senkans1, Peteris Skels3

  • 1Communication Technologies Research Center, Riga Technical University, LV-1048 Riga, Latvia.

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Summary

Fiber Bragg grating (FBG) sensors embedded in roads provide real-time strain data to monitor structural health and vehicle loads. This technology aids in understanding pavement behavior and validating designs under traffic.

Keywords:
fiber Bragg grating (FBG)fiber optical sensors (FOS)strain measurementsstructural health monitoring (SHM)

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Area of Science:

  • Civil Engineering
  • Materials Science
  • Optical Engineering

Background:

  • Road structures require continuous monitoring for structural integrity.
  • Traditional methods for assessing pavement health can be limited in real-time data acquisition.
  • Fiber Bragg grating (FBG) optical sensors offer a novel approach to in-situ structural health monitoring.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the efficacy of embedded FBG sensors for real-time monitoring of traffic-induced strain in pavement structures.
  • To correlate vehicle axle counts with measured strain values in a cement-treated reclaimed asphalt pavement.
  • To assess the potential of FBG sensors in validating pavement designs and understanding in-situ behavior.

Main Methods:

  • Embedding FBG optical sensors 25 mm deep within the cement-treated reclaimed asphalt pavement layer.
  • Utilizing optical sensor signal interrogation units to measure strain and temperature.
  • Collecting and analyzing strain data from various vehicles, from 2-axle passenger cars to 6-axle heavy trucks.

Main Results:

  • FBG sensors successfully measured real-time strain and temperature variations caused by passing vehicles.
  • Distinct strain ranges were identified for different vehicle types and axle configurations (e.g., 2-axle cars: 0.8-4.1 μm/m, 4-6-axle trucks: 14-36 μm/m per axle).
  • The study highlighted the variability in strain prediction due to pavement design parameters.

Conclusions:

  • Embedded FBG sensors are effective for real-time monitoring of road structural health and traffic loads.
  • The collected strain data provides valuable insights into actual pavement behavior under dynamic loading.
  • This technology can significantly assist in validating pavement designs and improving infrastructure management.