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Published on: September 2, 2022
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Sustained delivery approaches to improving adaptive immune responses.
Ben S Ou1, Olivia M Saouaf2, Julie Baillet3
1Department of Bioengineering, Stanford University, Stanford 94305, USA.
Advanced Drug Delivery Reviews
|June 24, 2022
Summary
Sustained release technologies prolong exposure to immunogens and adjuvants, enhancing vaccine-induced immune responses. Biomaterials like nanoparticles and hydrogels precisely control immune signal presentation for improved protection.
Area of Science:
- Immunology
- Biomaterials Science
- Vaccinology
Background:
- The immune system is crucial for health, requiring precise modulation to prevent infections and treat cancer.
- Current vaccines offer short-term immune system exposure, unlike natural infections that last weeks.
- Adaptive immune responses (B and T cells) are vital for protection but need controlled immunomodulatory signals.
Purpose of the Study:
- To review sustained release strategies for enhancing immune responses.
- To discuss the benefits of prolonged immunogen and adjuvant exposure.
- To highlight advancements in biomaterials for controlled immune modulation.
Main Methods:
- Review of scientific literature on sustained release technologies in immunology.
- Analysis of biomaterial designs (nanoparticles, microparticles, hydrogels, microneedles) for controlled signal presentation.
- Discussion of impacts on cellular and humoral immune responses.
Main Results:
- Sustained release technologies significantly increase the potency, durability, and quality of adaptive immune responses.
- Novel biomaterials enable precise spatiotemporal control over immunomodulatory signal delivery.
- Prolonged exposure enhances both B cell (humoral) and T cell (cellular) mediated immunity.
Conclusions:
- Leveraging sustained release is key to improving vaccine efficacy and immunotherapy outcomes.
- Biomaterial innovations offer powerful tools for engineering robust and long-lasting immune protection.
- Controlled delivery systems are essential for optimizing adaptive immunity against pathogens and cancer.
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