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Preparation of Keratin Hydrolysate from Chicken Feathers and Its Application in Cosmetics
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"Normal" TEWL-how can it be defined? A systematic review.

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Trans-epidermal water loss (TEWL) measures skin barrier integrity. Many factors, including age and stress, can affect TEWL, complicating the definition of normal values and disease prediction.

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Area of Science:

  • Dermatology and Skin Physiology
  • Biomedical Research

Background:

  • Trans-epidermal water loss (TEWL) is a key indicator of skin barrier function.
  • Elevated TEWL is associated with dermatological conditions like psoriasis and atopic dermatitis.
  • Establishing "normal" TEWL values is crucial for predicting disease progression.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review and summarize variables that influence TEWL measurements.
  • To identify factors not typically controlled in experimental settings.
  • To highlight the need for standardized TEWL measurement protocols.

Main Methods:

  • A comprehensive literature search was conducted across Embase, PubMed, and Web of Science.
  • Human studies reporting data on variables affecting TEWL were identified and analyzed.
  • 31 studies investigating 22 distinct factors impacting TEWL were included.

Main Results:

  • Twelve variables impacting TEWL were identified, including age, stress, Body Mass Index, and bathing habits.
  • Factors increasing TEWL included mask-use, dry eye disease, and chronic venous disease.
  • Decreases in TEWL were associated with genetic variability and cancer-cachexia.

Conclusions:

  • Defining "normal" TEWL is challenging due to numerous influencing variables.
  • Current experimental settings often fail to control for significant TEWL-affecting factors.
  • Stricter regulatory guidelines are needed for TEWL measurement to minimize variation and improve reliability.