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Related Concept Videos

Protein Folding01:25

Protein Folding

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Proteins are chains of amino acids linked together by peptide bonds. Upon synthesis, a protein folds into a three-dimensional conformation, critical to its biological function. Interactions between its constituent amino acids guide protein folding, and hence the protein structure is primarily dependent on its amino acid sequence.
Protein Structure Is Critical to Its Biological Function
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¹H NMR of Conformationally Flexible Molecules: Temporal Resolution00:52

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At room temperature, the chair conformer of cyclohexane undergoes rapid ring flipping between two equivalent chair conformers at a rate of approximately 105 times per second. These two chair conformers are in equilibrium. The rapid ring flipping results in the interconversion of the axial proton to an equatorial proton and an equatorial to the axial proton. Such interconversions are too rapid and cannot be detected on the NMR timescale. Hence, the NMR spectrometer cannot distinguish between the...
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Newman Projections02:06

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Different notations are used to represent the three-dimensional structure of molecules on two-dimensional surfaces. One of the most commonly used representations is the dash-wedge formula. The dashed wedges, solid wedges, and the plane lines indicate the groups situated behind the plane, coming out of the plane, and in the plane, respectively.
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Conformations of Cyclohexane02:11

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Cyclohexane does not exist in a planar form due to the high angle and torsional strain it would experience in the planar structure. Instead, it adopts non-planar chair and boat conformations.
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Fischer Projections02:18

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Learning to draw Fischer projections of molecules and understanding their relevance plays a crucial role in the visual depiction of organic molecules. A Fischer projection is a two-dimensional projection on a planar surface to simplify the three-dimensional wedge–dash representation of molecules. This is especially helpful in the case of molecules with multiple chiral centers that can be difficult to draw. Here, all the bonds of interest are represented as horizontal or vertical lines.
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Updated: Sep 6, 2025

Structure and Coordination Determination of Peptide-metal Complexes Using 1D and 2D 1H NMR
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Structure and Coordination Determination of Peptide-metal Complexes Using 1D and 2D 1H NMR

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Navigating complex peptide structures using macrocycle conformational maps.

Timothy J McTiernan1, Diego B Diaz1, George J Saunders1

  • 1Davenport Research Laboratories, Department of Chemistry, University of Toronto Toronto ON M5S 3H6 Canada andrei.yudin@utoronto.ca.

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|June 27, 2022
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Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Macrocycle conformational maps (MCMs) offer a new way to analyze cyclic peptide structures beyond hydrogen bonds. This tool provides a more complete description of rarely-observed conformations and secondary structures in macrocyclic peptides.

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Area of Science:

  • Biochemistry
  • Structural Biology
  • Computational Chemistry

Background:

  • Intramolecular hydrogen bonds identify turn motifs in linear peptides.
  • This method is insufficient for cyclic peptides, leaving some regions undescribed.
  • Rarely-observed conformations and non-regular secondary structures lack detailed evaluation.

Purpose of the Study:

  • Introduce macrocycle conformational maps (MCMs) for cyclic peptide analysis.
  • Provide a "higher-order" tool beyond traditional phi/psi plots.
  • Enable comprehensive evaluation and comparison of related macrocyclic peptides.

Main Methods:

  • Development of "higher-order" phi/psi plots.
  • Application to structurally related macrocyclic peptides.
  • Utilizing MCMs for conformational evaluation.

Main Results:

  • MCMs provide a more complete conformational description for cyclic peptides.
  • The tool addresses limitations of hydrogen bond-based analysis.
  • Facilitates detailed evaluation of diverse peptide structures.

Conclusions:

  • Macrocycle conformational maps (MCMs) are a valuable tool for cyclic peptide research.
  • MCMs enhance the understanding of complex peptide conformations.
  • This method improves comparative analysis of macrocyclic peptide structures.