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Introduction:Endocarditis is the infection of the endocardium, the inner lining of the heart and its valves. When the heart muscle is involved, the condition is termed myocarditis, while an infection of the outer lining is called pericarditis. Infective endocarditis (IE) primarily affects the endocardium, where pathogens adhere to the valves or lining, forming vegetation that can lead to severe complications. Infective endocarditis occurs when microorganisms, usually bacteria from other body...
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The pathophysiology of urinary tract infections (UTIs) encompasses several progressive stages, beginning with bacterial colonization and culminating in potential systemic complications if untreated. UTIs are primarily initiated by bacteria, such as Escherichia coli, which often originate from the gastrointestinal tract and migrate to the urinary system through the periurethral area. This migration can occur via several routes, including improper hygiene practices, sexual activity, or...
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Pneumonia is an acute respiratory infection that targets the lungs, specifically the alveoli. These tiny air sacs, essential for oxygen exchange, become engorged with pus and fluid, severely hindering breathing, decreasing oxygen absorption, and causing significant pain and discomfort during respiration.
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Sep 6, 2025

Design of Cecal Ligation and Puncture and Intranasal Infection Dual Model of Sepsis-Induced Immunosuppression
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Unveiling the Pathogenic Bacteria Causing Descending Necrotizing Mediastinitis.

Qiang Sun1, Zixuan Li1, Panpan Wang1

  • 1Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China.

Frontiers in Cellular and Infection Microbiology
|June 27, 2022
PubMed
Summary

Maxillofacial infections combined with descending necrotizing mediastinitis show distinct microbial profiles. Metagenomic sequencing identified key bacterial differences and correlations with clinical markers, aiding in understanding this severe condition.

Keywords:
early diagnosis and treatmentmNGSmaxillofacial infectionmediastinal infectionpathogenic bacteria

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Identification of Rare Bacterial Pathogens by 16S rRNA Gene Sequencing and MALDI-TOF MS
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Identification of Rare Bacterial Pathogens by 16S rRNA Gene Sequencing and MALDI-TOF MS

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Area of Science:

  • Microbiology
  • Infectious Diseases
  • Genomics

Background:

  • Descending necrotizing mediastinitis (DNM) combined with maxillofacial infections (MI) presents a severe clinical challenge with high mortality.
  • Understanding the microbial etiology of this complex condition is crucial for effective treatment strategies.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the distinct microbial communities associated with maxillofacial infections (MI) and descending necrotizing mediastinitis (DNM) using metagenomic next-generation sequencing (mNGS).
  • To identify specific bacterial species that differ between MI and DNM patient groups and correlate their abundance with clinical parameters.

Main Methods:

  • Metagenomic next-generation sequencing (mNGS) was performed on samples from 21 patients with MI and 8 patients with DNM.
  • LEfSe and PLS-DA analyses were employed to identify differentially abundant species and dominant taxa.
  • Correlation analyses were conducted between pathogen relative abundance and clinical characteristics such as C-reactive protein (CRP), calcitoninogen (PCT), lymphocyte percentage (Lymph%), neutrophil percentage (Neut%), and glycated hemoglobin (GLU).

Main Results:

  • While species richness and diversity showed no statistically significant differences between MI and DNM groups, LEfSe analysis highlighted differences in species like *Bacillus*, *Lactobacillus*, *Streptococcaceae*, and *Streptococcus* (*S. constellatus*, *S. anginosus*).
  • PLS-DA identified *S. constellatus*, *S. anginosus*, *Streptococcus intermedius*, *Prevotella oris*, *Mogibacterium timidum*, and *Eubacterium nodatum* as dominant species in the DNM group.
  • *S. anginosus* abundance correlated positively with CRP and PCT, and negatively with Lymph%.
  • *M. timidum* correlated positively with Neut% and GLU, while *Parvimonas micra* correlated positively with CRP.

Conclusions:

  • Metagenomic analysis reveals distinct microbial signatures in patients with maxillofacial infections and descending necrotizing mediastinitis.
  • Specific bacterial species, notably *S. anginosus*, *M. timidum*, and *P. micra*, show significant correlations with key inflammatory markers and clinical indicators, suggesting their potential role in disease severity and progression.
  • These findings contribute to a better understanding of the polymicrobial nature of DNM secondary to MI and may inform future diagnostic and therapeutic approaches.