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Olfactory and gustatory disorders in COVID-19
Ludger Klimek1,2, Jan Hagemann2, Julia Döge2
1Center for Rhinology and Allergology, Wiesbaden, Germany.
Allergo Journal International
|June 27, 2022
Summary
Loss of smell, a common COVID-19 symptom, can persist long-term for some patients. This review covers COVID-19 olfactory disorders, treatments like olfactory training, and emerging therapeutic options.
Area of Science:
- Neurology
- Infectious Diseases
- Otolaryngology
Background:
- Loss of olfaction (smell) is a frequent symptom of COVID-19.
- While many recover spontaneously, up to 7% experience persistent olfactory impairment (>12 months).
- This chronic condition significantly impacts millions globally.
Purpose of the Study:
- To review the current scientific understanding of COVID-19-related olfactory dysfunction.
- To summarize epidemiological data, pathophysiology, and recovery rates.
- To discuss existing treatments and novel therapeutic research.
Main Methods:
- Literature review of scientific articles on COVID-19 and olfactory disorders.
- Analysis of epidemiological studies, clinical outcomes, and treatment efficacy.
- Examination of ongoing research into new therapeutic strategies.
Main Results:
- Olfactory dysfunction is a prevalent and potentially long-lasting consequence of COVID-19.
- Olfactory training is the primary recommended treatment.
- Limited approved drug treatments exist, driving research into new interventions.
Conclusions:
- Persistent olfactory loss post-COVID-19 is a significant unmet medical need.
- Further research is crucial for developing effective treatments beyond olfactory training.
- Understanding the mechanisms of COVID-19-induced anosmia is key to therapeutic advancements.
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