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Related Concept Videos

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Transcytosis is the process in which molecules are internalized by endocytosis, transported across the cell, and released through exocytosis from the opposite end of the cell. Molecules such as insulin, immunoglobulins, and certain nutrients are transferred through the recycling endosomes by recycling and transcytosis.
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Immunoglobulin-like cell adhesion molecules or Ig-CAMs are a versatile group of cell surface glycoproteins belonging to the immunoglobulin protein superfamily. Ig-CAMs possess the characteristic immunoglobulin protein domains and other domains such as the fibronectin type III domain. The Ig domains are glycosylated to varying degrees in different Ig-CAMs.
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Protein Families02:47

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Membrane lipids such as phosphatidylinositol (PI) are precursors for several membrane-bound and soluble second messengers. Specific kinases phosphorylate PI and produce phosphorylated inositol phospholipids. One such inositol phospholipids are the  phosphatidylinositol-4,5 bisphosphate [PI(4,5)P2], present in the inner half of the lipid bilayer. Upon ligand binding, GPCR stimulates Gq proteins to turn on phospholipase Cꞵ. Activated phospholipase Cꞵ cleaves PI(4,5)P2 and...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Sep 6, 2025

Production of Monoclonal Antibodies Targeting Aminopeptidase N in the Porcine Intestinal Mucosal Epithelium
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Fc-Mediated Functions of Porcine IgG Subclasses.

Basudev Paudyal1, William Mwangi1, Pramila Rijal2

  • 1Host Responses, The Pirbright Institute, Woking, United Kingdom.

Frontiers in Immunology
|June 27, 2022
PubMed
Summary

Researchers characterized eight porcine immunoglobulin G (IgG) subclasses for therapeutic antibody development. Several IgG subclasses effectively mediate immune cell functions, enhancing the pig model

Keywords:
ADCCADCPCDCCFc functionsinfluenza monoclonal antibodiesporcine IgG subclasses

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Area of Science:

  • * Veterinary immunology
  • * Translational medicine
  • * Antibody engineering

Background:

  • * Pigs are valuable agricultural and biomedical models due to physiological similarities with humans.
  • * Monoclonal antibodies are crucial therapeutics, but their Fc-mediated functions in pigs are poorly understood.
  • * Understanding porcine immunoglobulin G (IgG) subclasses is key to optimizing antibody therapies in pigs.

Purpose of the Study:

  • * To characterize the Fc-mediated functions of eight porcine IgG subclasses.
  • * To evaluate the potential of these subclasses in antibody-driven immune responses.
  • * To assess the utility of the pig model for therapeutic antibody research.

Main Methods:

  • * Generation of eight subclasses of porcine monoclonal anti-influenza hemagglutinin antibodies.
  • * Characterization of complement activation, cytotoxicity (CDCC, ADCC), and phagocytosis (ADCP).
  • * Assessment of antibody binding to monocytes, macrophages, and natural killer (NK) cells.

Main Results:

  • * Porcine IgG1, IgG2a, IgG2b, IgG2c, and IgG4 demonstrated strong binding and mediated CDCC, ADCC, and ADCP.
  • * IgG5b and IgG5c showed weak binding and limited functional activity.
  • * Porcine IgG3 exhibited minimal Fc-mediated functions, primarily binding to monocytes and macrophages.
  • * Functionally similar IgG subclasses were found to cluster together in the genome.

Conclusions:

  • * Specific porcine IgG subclasses possess potent Fc-mediated effector functions relevant for therapeutic antibody development.
  • * These findings significantly enhance the utility of the pig as a model for investigating therapeutic antibodies.
  • * The genomic clustering of functional IgG subclasses provides insights into their evolution and regulation.