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Related Concept Videos

Batteries and Fuel Cells03:12

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A battery is a galvanic cell that is used as a source of electrical power for specific applications. Modern batteries exist in a multitude of forms to accommodate various applications, from tiny button batteries such as those that power wristwatches to the very large batteries used to supply backup energy to municipal power grids. Some batteries are designed for single-use applications and cannot be recharged (primary cells), while others are based on conveniently reversible cell reactions that...
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Ions are atoms or molecules bearing an electrical charge. A cation (a positive ion) forms when a neutral atom loses one or more electrons from its valence shell, and an anion (a negative ion) forms when a neutral atom gains one or more electrons in its valence shell. Compounds composed of ions are called ionic compounds (or salts), and their constituent ions are held together by ionic bonds: electrostatic forces of attraction between oppositely charged cations and anions. 
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Group 1 elements are soft and shiny metallic solids. They are malleable, ductile, and good conductors of heat and electricity. The melting points of the alkali metals are unusually low for metals and decrease going down the group, while the density increases going down the group with the exception of potassium (Table 1).
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An element composed of atoms that readily lose electrons (a metal) can react with an element composed of atoms that readily gain electrons (a nonmetal) to produce ions through complete electron transfer. The compound formed by this transfer is stabilized by the electrostatic attractions (ionic bonds) between the oppositely charged ions.
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Updated: Sep 6, 2025

Characterization of Electrode Materials for Lithium Ion and Sodium Ion Batteries Using Synchrotron Radiation Techniques
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Elemental Two-Dimensional Materials for Li/Na-Ion Battery Anode Applications.

Yahui Tian1, Ya Chen2, Yaoda Liu1

  • 1Institutes of Physical Science and Information Technology, Anhui University, Hefei, 230601, P. R. China.

Chemical Record (New York, N.Y.)
|June 27, 2022
PubMed
Summary

Elemental two-dimensional (2D) materials, or Xenes, show promise as anodes for lithium-ion batteries (LIBs) and sodium-ion batteries (SIBs). Their unique properties offer superior performance for advanced energy storage devices.

Keywords:
2D materialsgraphenelithium-ion batteriessingle elementsodium-ion batteries

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Area of Science:

  • Materials Science
  • Electrochemistry
  • Nanotechnology

Background:

  • Two-dimensional (2D) nanostructures, exemplified by graphene, are crucial for advanced energy storage.
  • Elemental 2D materials (Xenes) are emerging as promising candidates for Li/Na-ion battery anodes.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To systematically review the progress and applications of Xenes in Li-ion batteries (LIBs) and Na-ion batteries (SIBs).
  • To outline the synthesis, structure, and electrochemical properties of various Xenes for energy storage.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of recent advancements in Xenes for LIBs/SIBs.
  • Categorization of Xenes based on their group in the periodic table (IIIA to VIA).
  • Analysis of synthesis methods, structural characteristics, and Li/Na-ion storage mechanisms.

Main Results:

  • Xenes exhibit superior conductivity, rapid ion diffusion, and abundant active sites for Li/Na storage compared to other materials.
  • Detailed review of Xenes' performance in LIBs and SIBs, including mechanism insights.
  • Categorization and summary of properties for Xenes from group IIIA to VIA.

Conclusions:

  • Xenes present significant potential as high-performance anode materials for next-generation LIBs and SIBs.
  • Further research into challenges and prospects is crucial for optimizing Xenes in battery applications.