Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

T Cell Activation and Clonal Selection01:22

T Cell Activation and Clonal Selection

4.3K
T cells are integral to our adaptive immune system, recognizing and effectively responding to foreign antigens. T cell activation and clonal selection are pivotal in orchestrating this immune response. This article elucidates these mechanisms, detailing the roles of cluster of differentiation (CD) markers, major histocompatibility complex (MHC) molecules, costimulatory signals, and the process of clonal selection.
Naive T cells that have not yet encountered an antigen express two primary CD...
4.3K
Cell-mediated Immune Responses01:40

Cell-mediated Immune Responses

71.6K
Overview
71.6K
T Cell Types and Functions01:24

T Cell Types and Functions

1.4K
When T cells with CD4 markers are activated, they give rise to two types of effector cells: helper T cells and regulatory T cells. Meanwhile, T cells with CD8 markers differentiate into effector cytotoxic T cells. The differentiation of CD4 T cells into helper T cell subsets, such as Th1, Th2, and Th17 cells, is dependent on the antigen type, antigen-presenting cell, and regulatory cytokines.
Th1 cells stimulate dendritic cells to express necessary co-stimulatory molecules on their surfaces for...
1.4K
B Cell Activation and Differentiation01:24

B Cell Activation and Differentiation

5.3K
The adaptive immune response, a sophisticated defense mechanism, relies on the activation and differentiation of B lymphocytes, or B cells. These processes enable our bodies to mount a tailored response against specific pathogens such as bacteria, free virus particles, toxins, and parasites.
When naive B cells encounter a specific antigen that can bind to the B cell receptor (BCR) on their surface, they undergo sensitization to respond to the antigen's presence. Sensitization begins with...
5.3K
Introduction to Innate and Adaptive Immunity01:21

Introduction to Innate and Adaptive Immunity

5.1K
The human immune system is a complex defense mechanism that protects the body from harmful pathogens and foreign substances. It comprises two crucial components: innate and adaptive immunity.
Innate immunity is the body's natural, nonspecific defense system that acts quickly to protect against pathogens. It incorporates physical barriers like skin and mucous membranes and cellular elements such as phagocytes and natural killer cells. This part of our immune system provides an immediate,...
5.1K
Special Features of Adaptive Immunity01:20

Special Features of Adaptive Immunity

1.1K
The adaptive immune system, a crucial component of the overall immune response, offers a highly specialized defense against pathogens. It involves specific cell types and features, enabling it to combat infections effectively and efficiently.
The primary cell types involved in adaptive immunity are T cells and B cells. Each type has a unique role in defending the body against pathogens. T cells are responsible for cell-mediated immunity. They identify and eliminate infected cells directly,...
1.1K

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

C-terminal lysine residues localise NLRP10 at lipid droplets and govern NLRP10 oligomer formation.

EMBO reports·2026
Same author

NLRC5 expression within tumor cells is critical to activate adaptive and innate antitumor immune responses.

Immunotherapy advances·2026
Same author

<i>Helicobacter pylori</i> induces the production of interleukin-37 to promote broad immunosuppression and enhance colonization.

Gut microbes·2026
Same author

Uncovering bacterial pseudaminylation with pan-specific antibody tools.

Nature chemical biology·2026
Same author

The Furan Fatty Acids 11M5 and 11D5 Can Act as Activators of Human Peroxisome Proliferator-Activated Receptor Gamma.

Molecular nutrition & food research·2025
Same author

Bioaccessible compounds from bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) landraces activate PPARγ in transiently transfected HepG2 cells.

Nutrition research (New York, N.Y.)·2025
Same journal

Mapping the 3D Chromosome Organization of a Biosynthetic Gene Cluster by Capture Hi-C (CHi-C).

Methods in molecular biology (Clifton, N.J.)·2026
Same journal

Mapping the 3D Chromosome Organization of Streptomyces by Hi-C.

Methods in molecular biology (Clifton, N.J.)·2026
Same journal

CUT&Tag Epigenomic Profiling of Biosynthetic Gene Clusters in Arabidopsis thaliana.

Methods in molecular biology (Clifton, N.J.)·2026
Same journal

Rhizobium rhizogenes-Mediated Hairy Root Transformation Protocol for Lotus japonicus and Other Legumes.

Methods in molecular biology (Clifton, N.J.)·2026
Same journal

Characterization of Bioactive Saponins from Sea Cucumbers.

Methods in molecular biology (Clifton, N.J.)·2026
Same journal

Methods for Functional Validation of Terpenoid Metabolic Clusters in Nicotiana benthamiana and Aspergillus oryzae.

Methods in molecular biology (Clifton, N.J.)·2026
See all related articles

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Sep 6, 2025

Rapid In Vivo Assessment of Adjuvant's Cytotoxic T Lymphocytes Generation Capabilities for Vaccine Development
09:03

Rapid In Vivo Assessment of Adjuvant's Cytotoxic T Lymphocytes Generation Capabilities for Vaccine Development

Published on: June 19, 2018

8.8K

A Brief Introduction to Effector-Triggered Immunity.

Thomas A Kufer1, Maria Kaparakis-Liaskos2,3

  • 1Department of Immunology, Institute of Nutritional Medicine, University of Hohenheim, Stuttgart, Germany. Thomas.kufer@uni-hohenheim.de.

Methods in Molecular Biology (Clifton, N.J.)
|June 27, 2022
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Host detection of microbes is crucial for immunity in plants and mammals. This study introduces pathogen recognition and effector-triggered immunity, comparing its function across species.

Keywords:
AnimalsConceptsInnate immunityPRRPlants

More Related Videos

Imaging Effector Memory T cells in the Ear After Induction of Adoptive DTH
09:59

Imaging Effector Memory T cells in the Ear After Induction of Adoptive DTH

Published on: August 14, 2008

10.4K
Detection of Polyfunctional T Cells in Children Vaccinated with Japanese Encephalitis Vaccine via the Flow Cytometry Technique
09:37

Detection of Polyfunctional T Cells in Children Vaccinated with Japanese Encephalitis Vaccine via the Flow Cytometry Technique

Published on: September 23, 2022

2.0K

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Sep 6, 2025

Rapid In Vivo Assessment of Adjuvant's Cytotoxic T Lymphocytes Generation Capabilities for Vaccine Development
09:03

Rapid In Vivo Assessment of Adjuvant's Cytotoxic T Lymphocytes Generation Capabilities for Vaccine Development

Published on: June 19, 2018

8.8K
Imaging Effector Memory T cells in the Ear After Induction of Adoptive DTH
09:59

Imaging Effector Memory T cells in the Ear After Induction of Adoptive DTH

Published on: August 14, 2008

10.4K
Detection of Polyfunctional T Cells in Children Vaccinated with Japanese Encephalitis Vaccine via the Flow Cytometry Technique
09:37

Detection of Polyfunctional T Cells in Children Vaccinated with Japanese Encephalitis Vaccine via the Flow Cytometry Technique

Published on: September 23, 2022

2.0K

Area of Science:

  • Immunology
  • Plant Biology
  • Microbiology

Background:

  • Innate immunity is vital for host defense against microbial colonization and pathogens in both plants and mammals.
  • Pathogen recognition by innate immune systems is a key function for initiating defense responses.
  • Understanding these mechanisms is crucial for developing strategies against infectious diseases.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To introduce the fundamental concepts of pathogen recognition in innate immunity.
  • To focus on effector-triggered immunity as a central theme.
  • To compare and contrast effector-triggered immunity in plants and animals.

Main Methods:

  • Comparative analysis of immune system mechanisms.
  • Literature review of plant and animal innate immunity.
  • Focus on effector-triggered immunity pathways.

Main Results:

  • Pathogen recognition is a conserved mechanism across plants and animals.
  • Effector-triggered immunity plays a significant role in host defense.
  • Similarities and differences exist in the implementation of effector-triggered immunity.

Conclusions:

  • Innate immune systems in plants and animals share fundamental principles of pathogen detection.
  • Effector-triggered immunity represents a critical layer of defense.
  • Further research can elucidate conserved and divergent strategies for enhanced disease resistance.